Internal models in the control of posture

The aim of the paper is to investigate the application of control schemes based on "internal models" to the stabilization of the standing posture. The computational complexities of the control problems are analyzed, showing that muscle stiffness alone is insufficient to carry out the task. The paper also re-visits the concept of the cerebellum as a Smith's predictor.

[1]  R. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Proprioceptive, visual and vestibular thresholds for the perception of sway during standing in humans. , 1994, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  J. Derr,et al.  Diabetic sensory neuropathy effect on ankle joint movement perception. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[3]  J Massion,et al.  Coordination Between Posture and Movement: Why and How? , 1988 .

[4]  A. Hof.  In vivo measurement of the series elasticity release curve of human triceps surae muscle , 1998 .

[5]  V. Braitenberg,et al.  The detection and generation of sequences as a key to cerebellar function: Experiments and theory , 1997, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[6]  T. Flash,et al.  Models of Motor Adaptation and Impedance Control in Human Arm Movements , 1997 .

[7]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Is the cerebellum a smith predictor? , 1993, Journal of motor behavior.

[8]  A. J. Benson,et al.  Thresholds for the detection of the direction of whole-body, linear movement in the horizontal plane. , 1986, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[9]  D. Winter,et al.  Stiffness control of balance in quiet standing. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[10]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Internal models in the cerebellum , 1998, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[11]  Pietro Morasso,et al.  From Cortical Maps to the Control of Muscles , 1997 .

[12]  O. J. M. Smith,et al.  A controller to overcome dead time , 1959 .

[13]  J. Massion,et al.  Co-ordination between posture and movement , 1981, Trends in Neurosciences.

[14]  L. Nashner.  Adaptation of human movement to altered environments , 1982, Trends in Neurosciences.