Sub-ppm CO detection in a sub-meter-long hollow-core negative curvature fiber using absorption spectroscopy at 2.3 μm

Abstract We demonstrated the sensitive CO detection in a novel hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF) with infrared laser absorption at 2.3 μm. The HC-NCF consists of a single ring of eight nontouching silica capillaries around the air core, providing a single-mode light delivery of the 2.3-μm distributed feedback laser. A high coupling efficiency of 90% was achieved with the aid of optimal free-space coupling optics. The hollow-core fiber was used as a gas cell for gas absorption measurement of a total path length of 85 cm. Both direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) were adopted to demonstrate the sensor performance by detecting the CO line R(10) at 4297.7 cm−1. In scanned-wavelength DAS, we obtained a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 13 ppm CO, which was limited mainly by the existing mode noise in the HC-NCF. By applying a pressure difference of 0.8 bar between the two ends of the fiber, we demonstrated a very short gas loading time of only 5 s. Finally, we achieved a MDL of 0.4 ppm CO using the WMS technique, corresponding to a noise equivalent absorption of 1.6 × 10-7 cm−1.

[1]  Hejie Li,et al.  Extension of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy to large modulation depth for diode laser absorption measurements in high-pressure gases. , 2006, Applied optics.

[2]  Dariusz Pysz,et al.  Laser absorption spectroscopy at 2 µm inside revolver-type anti-resonant hollow core fiber. , 2019, Optics express.

[3]  Wei Ding,et al.  Bending loss characterization in nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fiber. , 2016, Optics express.

[4]  Gang Li,et al.  The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database , 2005 .

[5]  Wei Jin,et al.  Towards high sensitivity gas detection with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. , 2014, Optics express.

[6]  Wei Jin,et al.  Hollow-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber Gas Sensors , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[7]  Ronald K. Hanson,et al.  TDLAS-based sensors for in situ measurement of syngas composition in a pressurized, oxygen-blown, entrained flow coal gasifier , 2014 .

[8]  Wei Ren,et al.  Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic detection of ethylene using a 10.5 μm quantum cascade laser. , 2016, Optics express.

[9]  Cristinel Ababei,et al.  Carbon Monoxide Sensing Technologies for Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Systems , 2018, Sensors.

[10]  M. Allen,et al.  Measurements of CO, CO2, OH, and H2O in room-temperature and combustion gases by use of a broadly current-tuned multisection InGaAsP diode laser. , 1999, Applied optics.

[11]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Metrological quantification of CO in biogas using laser absorption spectroscopy and gas chromatography , 2018, Measurement Science and Technology.

[12]  Walter Belardi,et al.  Design and Properties of Hollow Antiresonant Fibers for the Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Range , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[13]  E. Dianov,et al.  Light transmission in negative curvature hollow core fiber in extremely high material loss region. , 2013, Optics express.

[14]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Sensitive in situ detection of CO and O2 in a rotary kiln-based hazardous waste incinerator using 760 nm and new 2.3 μm diode lasers , 2005 .

[15]  Hui Ding,et al.  AN ALL-FIBER GAS SENSING SYSTEM USING HOLLOW-CORE PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBER AS GAS CELL , 2011 .

[16]  Limin Xiao,et al.  Optimized Design of Unsymmetrical Gap Nodeless Hollow Core Fibers for Optofluidic Applications , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[17]  Ronald K. Hanson,et al.  A diode-laser absorption sensor system for combustion emission measurements , 1998 .

[18]  C. Zheng,et al.  An early fire gas sensor based on 2.33 μm DFB laser , 2018, Infrared Physics & Technology.

[19]  Ramin Ghorbani,et al.  ICL-based TDLAS sensor for real-time breath gas analysis of carbon monoxide isotopes. , 2017, Optics express.

[20]  Ronald K. Hanson,et al.  Spectroscopy and Optical Diagnostics for Gases , 2015 .

[21]  R. J. Weiblen,et al.  Negative curvature fibers , 2017 .

[22]  Guoji Huang,et al.  Dual Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on the PANI/Co3O4 Sensitive Membrane-Coated Fibre Tip , 2018, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A.

[23]  Ronald K. Hanson,et al.  Absorption sensor for CO in combustion gases using 2.3 µm tunable diode lasers , 2009 .

[24]  P. Roberts,et al.  Low loss broadband transmission in hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. , 2011, Optics letters.

[25]  Walter Belardi,et al.  Hollow antiresonant fibers with low bending loss. , 2014, Optics express.

[26]  Ronald K. Hanson,et al.  CO concentration and temperature sensor for combustion gases using quantum-cascade laser absorption near 4.7 μm , 2012 .

[27]  Qiang Wang,et al.  Photothermal CO detection in a hollow-core negative curvature fiber. , 2019, Optics letters.

[28]  B. Barabadi,et al.  Sub-Minute Response Time of a Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber Gas Sensor , 2009, Journal of Lightwave Technology.