Congenital hand differences.

This article explores recent developments for 6 common congenital hand differences, including polydactyly, syndactyly, camptodactyly, clinodactyly, trigger thumb, and cleft hand. These differences are challenging because the surgeon must understand the potential for both functional and social (ie, appearance) issues in order to provide ideal treatment for each child and family. Therapy or surgical correction plays a role for most of these children. Recent investigations have provided additional data on the expected outcomes following intervention.

[1]  M. Sherif.  V‐Y Dorsal Metacarpal Flap: A New Technique for the Correction of Syndactyly without Skin Graft , 1998, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[2]  A. Aydın,et al.  Dorsal Metacarpal Island Flap in Syndactyly Treatment , 2004, Annals of plastic surgery.

[3]  P. Tsipouras,et al.  The expanding panorama of split hand foot malformation , 2006, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[4]  A. Wafa.  Hourglass dorsal metacarpal island flap: a new design for syndactylized web reconstruction. , 2008, The Journal of hand surgery.

[5]  L. Caouette‐Laberge,et al.  Physiolysis for correction of clinodactyly in children. , 2002, The Journal of hand surgery.

[6]  Wassel Hd.  The results of surgery for polydactyly of the thumb. A review. , 1969 .

[7]  M. Tonkin,et al.  The Bilhaut-Cloquet Procedure for Wassel Types III, IV and VII Thumb Duplication , 2007, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume).

[8]  M. Moneim,et al.  Long-Term Follow-Up of Surgical Release of the A 1 Pulley in Childhood Trigger Thumb , 2002, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[9]  S. Withey,et al.  The Open Finger Technique for the Release of Syndactyly , 2001, Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume.

[10]  B. Coessens,et al.  Congenital syndactyly: defatting facilitates closure without skin graft. , 2001, The Journal of hand surgery.

[11]  S. Tadiparthi,et al.  A Modification of the Chinese Island Flap Technique for Simple Incomplete Syndactyly Release , 2009, The Journal of hand surgery, European volume.

[12]  Charles A Goldfarb,et al.  Thumb size and appearance following reconstruction of radial polydactyly. , 2008, The Journal of hand surgery.

[13]  D. Vickers.  Clinodactyly of the Little Finger: A Simple Operative Technique for Reversal of the Growth Abnormality , 1987, Journal of Hand Surgery.

[14]  M. Tonkin,et al.  An Experience of the Snow–Littler Procedure , 2000, Journal of hand surgery.

[15]  S. Hovius,et al.  A classification system of radial polydactyly: inclusion of triphalangeal thumb and triplication. , 2008, The Journal of hand surgery.

[16]  E. Lee,et al.  The Treatment Outcome of Trigger Thumb in Children , 2002, Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.

[17]  T. Ogino,et al.  Incidence and development of trigger thumb in children. , 2006, The Journal of hand surgery.

[18]  A. Yanai,et al.  The three-square-flap method for reconstruction of minor syndactyly. , 1997, The Journal of hand surgery.

[19]  G. Baek,et al.  The natural history of pediatric trigger thumb. , 2008, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[20]  J. Oh,et al.  Modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure for Wassel type-II and III polydactyly of the thumb. , 2007, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[21]  C. Goldfarb,et al.  Central ray deficiency: subjective and objective outcome of cleft reconstruction. , 2008, Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume.

[22]  J. S. Watson,et al.  Nail Fold Creation in Complete Syndactyly using Buck-Gramcko Pulp Flaps , 2000, Journal of hand surgery.

[23]  M. Brennen,et al.  Island Flap Reconstruction of the Web Space in Congenital Incomplete Syndactyly , 2004, Journal of hand surgery.

[24]  P. Manske,et al.  Surgical classification of central deficiency according to the thumb web. , 1995, The Journal of hand surgery.

[25]  G. Rayan,et al.  Closing wedge osteotomy of abnormal middle phalanx for clinodactyly. , 2009, The Journal of hand surgery.

[26]  A. V. D. van den Ouweland,et al.  FGFs, their receptors, and human limb malformations: clinical and molecular correlations. , 2002, American journal of medical genetics.

[27]  J. Medina,et al.  Camptodactyly as a Spectrum of Congenital Deficiencies: A Treatment Algorithm Based on Clinical Examination , 2006, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.