A qualitatively model to describe the influence of boundaries on the energy density by considering the energy leakage, and its extension on the system ventilation and fire fighting systems

Abstract In this paper constitutive models based on physical laws are derived that allow the energy flows and the release of energy to be described and predicted for fires in enclosed spaces and tunnels in particular. The models are generally formulated but are also specifically formulated for practical applications, e.g. for considering the effect of limited burning due to insufficient oxygen supply or the effect of fire fighting systems. The solutions agree with the experimentally obtained results in (Carvel et al, 2001 and Carvel et al, 2005). Accordingly, the methods and solutions derived here can be considered adequately validated.