Current state of 'cold' antihydrogen research

Research on the production of cold antihydrogen atoms, aimed at directly testing the CPT invariance and the equivalence principle for antimatter, is reviewed. The properties of cold positron and electron plasmas, in particular the processes accompanying antiproton stopping, are discussed. Mechanisms for the formation of antihydrogen atoms are analyzed. The most favorable conditions for the production and confinement of cold antihydrogen atoms are appraised.

[1]  H. Kramers,et al.  XCIII. On the theory of X-ray absorption and of the continuous X-ray spectrum , 1923 .

[2]  M. Stobbe.  Zur Quantenmechanik photoelektrischer Prozesse , 1930 .

[3]  F. M. Penning.  Die glimmentladung bei niedrigem druck zwischen koaxialen zylindern in einem axialen magnetfeld , 1936 .

[4]  W. Pauli,et al.  "Niels Bohr and the development of physics", W. Pauli, L. Rosenfeld, V. Weisskopf, London 1955 : [recenzja] / M. B.-N. , 1959 .

[5]  J. Keck,et al.  MONTE CARLO TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS OF ATOMIC EXCITATION AND IONIZATION BY THERMAL ELECTRONS. , 1969 .

[6]  V. Hughes,et al.  ATOMIC PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MATTER--ANTIMATTER ANNIHILATION. , 1970 .

[7]  David J. Wineland,et al.  Principles of the stored ion calorimeter , 1975 .

[8]  J. Degrassie,et al.  Properties of nonneutral plasma , 1975 .

[9]  A. Mills,et al.  Observation of Positronium Lyman-αRadiation , 1975 .

[10]  A. Skrinsky,et al.  The Kinetics of electron Cooling of Beams on Heavy Particle Storage Rings , 1977 .

[11]  P. Schwinberg,et al.  Proposed scheme to catch positrons in a penning trap , 1977 .

[12]  H. Shugart,et al.  Atomic Physics 5 , 1977 .

[13]  A. Skrinsky,et al.  THE EFFECT OF AN ACCOMPANYING MAGNETIC FIELD ON ELECTRON COOLING , 1978 .

[14]  G. I. Budker,et al.  Electron cooling and new possibilities in elementary particle physics , 1978 .

[15]  T. M. O'Neil.  A confinement theorem for nonneutral plasmas , 1980 .

[16]  K. Lynn.  Observation of the Amorphous-to-Crystalline Surface Transition in Al- Al x O y Using Slow Positrons , 1980 .

[17]  P. Schwinberg,et al.  Trapping and thermalization of positrons for geonium spectroscopy , 1981 .

[18]  N. B. Delone,et al.  Highly-excited atoms in the electromagnetic field , 1983 .

[19]  A. Winnacker,et al.  Laser-enhanced electron-ion capture and antihydrogen formation , 1983 .

[20]  F. Kottmann.  Formation of the Lightest Muonic Atoms and the 2S-Lifetime of the (μ−4He)+ — Ion , 1985 .

[21]  A. Mills,et al.  Solid neon moderator for producing slow positrons , 1986 .

[22]  Giulio Casati,et al.  Relevance of classical chaos in quantum mechanics: The hydrogen atom in a monochromatic field , 1987 .

[23]  Wysocki,et al.  Bound states of positrons and large molecules. , 1988, Physical review letters.

[24]  G. Gabrielse.  Trapped antihydrogen for spectroscopy and gravitation studies: Is it possible? , 1989 .

[25]  W. Kells,et al.  Possible antihydrogen production using trapped plasmas , 1989 .

[26]  On the deceleration of ions in a magnetized electron stream , 1989 .

[27]  Haas,et al.  Cooling and slowing of trapped antiprotons below 100 meV. , 1989, Physical review letters.

[28]  D. L. Morgan.  Atomic processes in antiproton-matter interactions , 1989 .

[29]  V. Parkhomchuk.  Measurements of the Lamb shift in a relativistic hydrogen atom , 1989 .

[30]  P. Blatt.  Laser enhanced positron capture , 1989 .

[31]  W. Paul.  Elektromagnitnye lovushki dlya zaryazhennykh i neitral'nykh chastits , 1990 .

[32]  D. Candlin,et al.  A measurement of the phases of the CP-violating amplitudes in K0→2π decays and a test of CPT invariance , 1990 .

[33]  L. Men'shikov,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Status of muon catalysis of nuclear fusion reactions , 1990 .

[34]  W. Paul.  Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles , 1990 .

[35]  Wolf,et al.  Observation of laser-induced recombination in merged electron and proton beams. , 1991, Physical review letters.

[36]  M. Glinsky,et al.  Guiding center atoms: Three‐body recombination in a strongly magnetized plasma , 1991 .

[37]  Morgan,et al.  Experimental observation of laser-stimulated radiative recombination. , 1991, Physical review letters.

[38]  S. Chu,et al.  Measurement of the gravitational acceleration of an atom with a light-pulse atom interferometer , 1992 .

[39]  Richard J. Hughes.  Antihydrogen and fundamental symmetries , 1993 .

[40]  Hughes,et al.  Electric charges of positrons and antiprotons. , 1992, Physical review letters.

[41]  V. Lisitsa,et al.  Kramers electrodynamics and electron-atomic radiative-collisional processes , 1992 .

[42]  J. Walraven.  Trapping and cooling of (anti)hydrogen , 1993 .

[43]  D. Wineland,et al.  Laser-cooled positron source , 1993 .

[44]  A. Wolf,et al.  Laser-stimulated formation and stabilization of antihydrogen atoms , 1993 .

[45]  C. Zimmermann,et al.  Laser spectroscopy of hydrogen and antihydrogen , 1993 .

[46]  J. Carbonell,et al.  Annihilation of ultra low energy antiprotons , 1993 .

[47]  O. J. Luiten,et al.  Optical cooling of atomic hydrogen in a magnetic trap. , 1993 .

[48]  R. Poggiani.  A possible gravity measurement with antihydrogen , 1993 .

[49]  B. Smirnov.  Processes in expanding and condensing gases , 1994 .

[50]  I. Meshkov.  Electron cooling: Status and perspectives , 1994 .

[51]  T. S. Monteiro.  Chaos in atomic physics , 1994 .

[52]  Huber,et al.  Precision measurement of the hydrogen and deuterium 1 S ground state Lamb shift. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[53]  Abdullah,et al.  Extremely cold positrons accumulated electronically in ultrahigh vacuum. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[54]  Haensch,et al.  High-resolution spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition of atomic hydrogen and deuterium. , 1995, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[55]  Greaves,et al.  An electron-positron beam-plasma experiment. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[56]  S. B. Ross,et al.  Combined trap with the potential for antihydrogen production. , 1995 .

[57]  Sandberg,et al.  Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[58]  R. Poggiani,et al.  Antihydrogen production and precision experiments , 1996 .

[59]  A. Skrinsky,et al.  Antihydrogen beam generation using storage rings , 1996 .

[60]  Hall,et al.  Electron Cooling of Protons in a Nested Penning Trap. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[61]  A. Buzzo,et al.  Production of antihydrogen , 1996 .

[62]  T. M. O'Neil,et al.  CROSS-MAGNETIC-FIELD HEAT CONDUCTION IN NON-NEUTRAL PLASMAS , 1997 .

[63]  I. Meshkov.  Experimental studies of antihydrogen and positronium physics: Problems and possibilities , 1997 .

[64]  Thomas J. Phillips,et al.  Antimatter gravity studies with interferometry , 1997 .

[65]  M. Mandelkern,et al.  Observation of Atomic Antihydrogen , 1997 .

[66]  M. Prevedelli,et al.  Phase-Coherent Measurement of the Hydrogen 1{ital S}{endash}2{ital S} Transition Frequency with an Optical Frequency Interval Divider Chain , 1997 .

[67]  A. Schopper.  Results from CPLEAR , 1997 .

[68]  A. Khabbaz,et al.  Comparing the antiproton and proton and progress toward cold antihydrogen , 1997 .

[69]  P. Fedichev.  Formation of antihydrogen atoms in an ultra-cold positron-antiproton plasma☆ , 1996, physics/9611005.

[70]  D. Dubin.  Collisional transport in non-neutral plasmas , 1998 .

[71]  Chaotic enhancement in microwave ionization of Rydberg atoms , 1998, cond-mat/9805216.

[72]  J. Eades,et al.  Forty years of antiprotons , 1999 .

[73]  L. Men'shikov.  Superradiance and related phenomena , 1999 .

[74]  L. Men'shikov.  The nature of the $${\bar p}$$ metastability in helium , 1999 .

[75]  J. Briggs,et al.  The capture of slow antiprotons in helium, neon and argon , 1999 .

[76]  Y. Sokolov.  INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION: An interference method for measuring atomic state parameters , 1999 .

[77]  M. Charlton,et al.  Ultra-low energy antihydrogen , 1999 .

[78]  A. Khabbaz,et al.  The ingredients of cold antihydrogen: Simultaneous confinement of antiprotons and positrons at 4 K , 1999 .

[79]  V. Rubakov.  Elementary particle physics and cosmology: current status and prospects , 1999 .

[80]  L. Men'shikov.  Cascade transitions in heavy hadronic hydrogen atoms , 2000 .

[81]  Tan,et al.  Field ionization of strongly magnetized rydberg positronium: A new physical mechanism for positron accumulation , 2000, Physical review letters.

[82]  Wolf,et al.  Influence of magnetic fields on electron-Ion recombination at very low energies , 2000, Physical review letters.

[83]  V. Parkhomchuk,et al.  Electron cooling: 35 years of development , 2000 .

[84]  L. Men'shikov,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Some problems of the physics of exotic atoms , 2001 .

[85]  E. Shabalin.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: What can be expected from the further study of CP and T symmetry violation and CPT invariance tests , 2001 .

[86]  G. Gabrielse,et al.  Stability of a charged particle in a combined Penning-Ioffe trap. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[87]  J. N. Tan,et al.  First positron cooling of antiprotons. , 2001 .

[88]  A. Fontana,et al.  Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms , 2002, Nature.

[89]  E. Bugaev.  Matter-antimatter asymmetry , 2003 .