A comprehensive state estimation approach for EMS/DMS applications

In the paper, the authors describe a state estimation model to be used in energy/distribution management systems-EDMS. This model deals with the increase in complexity that derives from handling different voltage levels In the modern controlled systems. There are some important improvements included in this model. The model has the possibility of using qualitative information affected by uncertainty, it can deal with unknown topology and with erroneous topology data using variables to model the status of switching devices, it also can, in a single run, transparently fix and work with more than one angular reference if it is necessary. Finally, the results also provide an overloading risk index evaluated for all network equipment, which allows the user to assess the system security level, as well as nodal voltage risk levels.