An End-to-End Deep Learning Approach for Epileptic Seizure Prediction

An accurate seizure prediction system enables early warnings before seizure onset of epileptic patients. It is extremely important for drug-refractory patients. Conventional seizure prediction works usually rely on features extracted from Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and classification algorithms such as regression or support vector machine (SVM) to locate the short time before seizure onset. However, such methods cannot achieve high-accuracy prediction due to information loss of the hand-crafted features and the limited classification ability of regression and SVM algorithms. We propose an end-to-end deep learning solution using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in this paper. One and two dimensional kernels are adopted in the early- and late-stage convolution and max-pooling layers, respectively. The proposed CNN model is evaluated on Kaggle intracranial and CHB-MIT scalp EEG datasets. Overall sensitivity, false prediction rate, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve reaches 93.5%, 0.063/h, 0.981 and 98.8%, 0.074/h, 0.988 on two datasets respectively. Comparison with state-of-the-art works indicates that the proposed model achieves exceeding prediction performance.

[1]  Stiliyan Kalitzin,et al.  Predicting the unpredictable: The challenge or mirage of seizure prediction? , 2014, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[2]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  Refractory epilepsy: Localization, detection, and prediction , 2017, 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON).

[3]  Giovanni Fabbrini,et al.  Switching from branded to generic antiepileptic drugs as a confounding factor and unpredictable diagnostic pitfall in epilepsy management. , 2007, Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape.

[4]  Maria Paola Canevini,et al.  Relationship between adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs, number of coprescribed drugs, and drug load in a large cohort of consecutive patients with drug‐refractory epilepsy , 2010, Epilepsia.

[5]  Nathalie Japkowicz,et al.  The class imbalance problem: A systematic study , 2002, Intell. Data Anal..

[6]  Rosa Maria Valdovinos,et al.  The Imbalanced Training Sample Problem: Under or over Sampling? , 2004, SSPR/SPR.

[7]  Haidar Khan,et al.  Focal Onset Seizure Prediction Using Convolutional Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[8]  M. Zweig,et al.  Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. , 1993, Clinical chemistry.

[9]  Ronald Tetzlaff,et al.  Convolutional Neural Networks for Epileptic Seizure Prediction , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM).

[10]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  A Functional-Genetic Scheme for Seizure Forecasting in Canine Epilepsy , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[11]  Michalis E. Zervakis,et al.  A Long Short-Term Memory deep learning network for the prediction of epileptic seizures using EEG signals , 2018, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[12]  Lih-Yuan Deng,et al.  The Cross-Entropy Method: A Unified Approach to Combinatorial Optimization, Monte-Carlo Simulation, and Machine Learning , 2006, Technometrics.

[13]  Mustafa Talha Avcu,et al.  Seizure Detection Using Least Eeg Channels by Deep Convolutional Neural Network , 2019, ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[14]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  A hybrid mRMR-genetic based selection method for the prediction of epileptic seizures , 2015, 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS).

[15]  Keshab K. Parhi,et al.  Seizure prediction using polynomial SVM classification , 2015, 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

[16]  A. Mognon,et al.  ADJUST: An automatic EEG artifact detector based on the joint use of spatial and temporal features. , 2011, Psychophysiology.

[17]  Ali H. Shoeb,et al.  Application of machine learning to epileptic seizure onset detection and treatment , 2009 .

[18]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Rectified Linear Units Improve Restricted Boltzmann Machines , 2010, ICML.

[19]  Yann LeCun,et al.  What is the best multi-stage architecture for object recognition? , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[20]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Physionet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals". Circu-lation Vol , 2000 .

[21]  Alistair G. Rust,et al.  Image redundancy reduction for neural network classification using discrete cosine transforms , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN 2000. Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium.

[22]  Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez,et al.  Management of the patient with medically refractory epilepsy , 2009, Expert review of neurotherapeutics.

[23]  M. Brodie,et al.  Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: Consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies , 2011 .

[24]  Jimmy Ba,et al.  Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization , 2014, ICLR.

[25]  Nitish Srivastava,et al.  Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting , 2014, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[26]  I. Soltesz,et al.  Future of seizure prediction and intervention: closing the loop. , 2015, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[27]  Jiawei Yang,et al.  Convolutional neural networks for seizure prediction using intracranial and scalp electroencephalogram , 2018, Neural Networks.

[28]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series , 1998 .

[29]  Yi Guo,et al.  Human Intracranial EEG Quantitative Analysis and Automatic Feature Learning for Epileptic Seizure Prediction , 2019, ArXiv.

[30]  Abbas Golestani,et al.  Can we predict the unpredictable? , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[31]  J. Hanley,et al.  The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. , 1982, Radiology.

[32]  Sandy Rihana,et al.  Bilateral preictal signature of phase-amplitude coupling in canine epilepsy , 2018, Epilepsy Research.

[33]  Mohamad Sawan,et al.  Towards accurate prediction of epileptic seizures: A review , 2017, Biomed. Signal Process. Control..

[34]  A. Aarabi,et al.  EEG seizure prediction: Measures and challenges , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[35]  Scott B Patten,et al.  Psychiatric Comorbidity in Epilepsy: A Population‐Based Analysis , 2007, Epilepsia.

[36]  Marc'Aurelio Ranzato,et al.  Sparse Feature Learning for Deep Belief Networks , 2007, NIPS.

[37]  Walter J. Freeman,et al.  Imaging Brain Function With EEG: Advanced Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals , 2012 .

[38]  Brian Litt,et al.  Crowdsourcing reproducible seizure forecasting in human and canine epilepsy , 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.