Bioinformatics: From arduous beginnings to molecular databases

This is a brief review of the origins of bioinformatics and the development of biological databases and molecular analysis tools. The paper covers the period from 1945 (Sanger’s work on insulin) to 2004 (introduction of the lat− est MEGA version, GenBank release 143). For the purpose of this article, the term “bioinformatics” means the dis− cipline involving biology and computer science, and the term “computational biology” is understood as a process of biological data analysis and interpretation (Adv Clin Exp Med 2007, 16, 1, 85–93).

[1]  Nathan Linial,et al.  ProtoMap: automatic classification of protein sequences and hierarchy of protein families , 2000, Nucleic Acids Res..

[2]  Teresa K. Attwood,et al.  Bioinformatics goes back to the future , 2003, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[3]  Andreas D. Baxevanis,et al.  The Molecular Biology Database Collection: an online compilation of relevant database resources , 2000, Nucleic Acids Res..

[4]  Stuart M. Brown,et al.  Bioinformatics becomes respectable. , 2003, BioTechniques.

[5]  J. Thompson,et al.  The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[6]  Timothy G. Littlejohn,et al.  The Organelle Genome Database Project (GOBASE) , 1998, Nucleic Acids Res..

[7]  김삼묘,et al.  “Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서 , 2000 .

[8]  Sudhir Kumar,et al.  MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment , 2004, Briefings Bioinform..

[9]  R. Doolittle,et al.  Evolution of Immunoglobulin Polypeptide Chains: Carboxy-Terminal of an IgM Heavy Chain , 1966, Science.

[10]  M. Gouy,et al.  HOVERGEN: a database of homologous vertebrate genes. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[11]  M. Gouy,et al.  HOBACGEN: database system for comparative genomics in bacteria. , 2000, Genome research.

[12]  Joel B. Hagen,et al.  The origins of bioinformatics , 2000, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[13]  Richard J. Roberts.  The early days of bioinformatics publishing , 2000, Bioinform..

[14]  F. Sanger,et al.  The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. , 1952, The Biochemical journal.

[15]  T. Banaś,et al.  Molecular evolution of enolase. , 2005, Acta biochimica Polonica.

[16]  Edward N. Trifonov,et al.  Earliest pages of bioinformatics , 2000, Bioinform..

[17]  Dmitrij Frishman,et al.  MIPS: analysis and annotation of proteins from whole genomes in 2005 , 2005, Nucleic Acids Res..

[18]  S. Henikoff,et al.  Predicting deleterious amino acid substitutions. , 2001, Genome research.

[19]  Steven Henikoff,et al.  SIFT: predicting amino acid changes that affect protein function , 2003, Nucleic Acids Res..