Evaluation of Microelectrode Arrays for Amperometric Detection by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Ultramicroelectrode arrays have been manufactured by a combination of screen printing and laser ablation with different sizes of the active electrode areas and different interelectrode spacings. The participation of each array element in the heterogeneous redox reaction can be checked with the help of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Because the active electrode area is recessed compared to the insulating cover layer of the sensor, a loss in sensitivity is found on such arrays compared to an electrode array of the same geometry which is in plane with its insulating surrounding. Consequences for the application of such electrode arrays as the basis of sensors in hand-held devices for in-field testing are discussed.

[1]  Ursula Bilitewski,et al.  Mass Production of Biosensors , 1993 .

[2]  John P. Hart,et al.  Chemically modified, carbon-based electrodes and their application as electrochemical sensors for the analysis of biologically important compounds. A review , 1992 .

[3]  Jürgen Sander,et al.  CHEMO- UND BIOSENSOREN-GRUNDLAGEN UND ANWENDUNGEN , 1991 .

[4]  C. R. Martin,et al.  Ultramicrodisk electrode ensembles prepared by incorporating carbon paste into a microporous host membrane , 1988 .

[5]  K. B. Oldham,et al.  A comparison of the chronoamperometric response at inlaid and recessed disc microelectrodes , 1988 .

[6]  J. Fost,et al.  The application of excimer laser micromachining for the fabrication of disc microelectrodes , 1994 .

[7]  A. Bard,et al.  Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy X . High Resolution Imaging of Active Sites on an Electrode Surface , 1991 .

[8]  Klaus-Dieter Vorlop,et al.  Methylphenazonium-modified enzyme sensor based on polymer thick films for subnanomolar detection of phenols , 1995 .

[9]  H. White,et al.  Scanning electrochemical microscopy of a porous membrane , 1991 .

[10]  W. Heineman,et al.  Development and experimental evaluation of a simple system for scanning electrochemical microscopy , 1994 .

[11]  R. Engstrom,et al.  Measurements within the diffusion layer using a microelectrode probe , 1986 .

[12]  W. Visscher,et al.  Particle size effect of carbon-supported platinum catalysts for the electrooxidation of methanol , 1995 .

[13]  H. Ping. Wu,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of a new class of microelectrode arrays exhibiting steady-state current behavior , 1993 .

[14]  A. Amine,et al.  Amperometric biosensors for glucose based on carbon paste modified electrodes. , 1991, Talanta.

[15]  R. S. Kelly,et al.  Bevelled carbon-fiber ultramicroelectrodes , 1986 .

[16]  A. Szabó,et al.  Chronoamperometry at an ensemble of microdisk electrodes , 1984 .

[17]  Yukio Saito,et al.  A Theoretical Study on the Diffusion Current at the Stationary Electrodes of Circular and Narrow Band Types , 1968 .

[18]  H. Emons,et al.  Convection independent detection with voltammetric single microdisk electrodes , 1992 .

[19]  R. Baldwin,et al.  Liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection of alditols and acidic sugars at a cobalt phthalocyanine-containing chemically modified electrode , 1989 .

[20]  H. White,et al.  Iontophoretic transport through porous membranes using scanning electrochemical microscopy: application to in vitro studies of ion fluxes through skin. , 1993, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  Hubert H. Girault,et al.  Printed Microelectrode Array and Amperometric Sensor for Environmental Monitoring , 1994 .

[22]  A. Bard,et al.  Scanning electrochemical microscopy. 21. Constant-current imaging with an autoswitching controller , 1993 .

[23]  H. Girault,et al.  Excimer laser-induced electrochemical activity in carbon ink films , 1996 .

[24]  W. Heineman,et al.  Application of scanning electrochemical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for the characterization of carbon-spray modified electrodes , 1994 .