Mapping Cumulative Environmental Risks: Examples from the EU NoMiracle Project

We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping.

[1]  M Calliera,et al.  Rating systems for pesticide risk classification on different ecosystems. , 2001, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[2]  M. Vighi,et al.  Predicting pesticide environmental risk in intensive agricultural areas. I: Screening level risk assessment of individual chemicals in surface waters. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  Carol J Bartels,et al.  Using geographic and cartographic principles for environmental assessment and risk mapping , 1998 .

[4]  C. I. Bliss THE TOXICITY OF POISONS APPLIED JOINTLY1 , 1939 .

[5]  A. Pistocchi,et al.  A GIS model-based screening of potential contamination of soil and water by pyrethroids in Europe. , 2009, Journal of environmental management.

[6]  Peter B Woodbury,et al.  Dos and don'ts of spatially explicit ecological risk assessments , 2003, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[7]  H. Wichmann,et al.  Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in German cities. , 2001, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  Wood Maureen,et al.  Risk Mapping in the New Member States, A Summary of General Practices for Mapping Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk , 2007 .

[9]  L. Luzi,et al.  The use of predictive modeling techniques for optimal exploitation of spatial databases: a case study in landslide hazard mapping with expert system-like methods , 2002 .

[10]  Paul S. Price,et al.  Construction of a Comprehensive Chemical Exposure Framework Using Person Oriented Modeling , 2003 .

[11]  D. Sarigiannis,et al.  Spatially explicit multimedia fate models for pollutants in Europe: state of the art and perspectives. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[12]  Tonya L Smith-Jackson,et al.  Research-based guidelines for warning design and evaluation. , 2002, Applied ergonomics.

[13]  Juha Vesanto,et al.  SOM-based data visualization methods , 1999, Intell. Data Anal..

[14]  Teuvo Kohonen,et al.  The self-organizing map , 1990 .

[15]  M. Vighi,et al.  Experimental validation of a geographical information systems-based procedure for predicting pesticide exposure in surface water. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[16]  LANCE A. WALLER,et al.  Spatial Epidemiology , 2008, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[17]  Asger B. Hansen,et al.  VOC air pollutants in Copenhagen , 1996 .

[18]  Fred Worrall,et al.  The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination estimated directly from observations of presence or absence in wells , 2005 .

[19]  Marco Vighi,et al.  GIS-based procedure for site-specific risk assessment of pesticides for aquatic ecosystems. , 2008, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[20]  Antonio Finizio,et al.  Predicting pesticide environmental risk in intensive agricultural areas. II: Screening level risk assessment of complex mixtures in surface waters. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[21]  Esa Alhoniemi,et al.  Clustering of the self-organizing map , 2000, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst..

[22]  Philip Tortell,et al.  Coastal zone sensitivity mapping and its role in marine environmental management , 1992 .

[23]  Theo Vermeire,et al.  Risk assessment of chemicals : an introduction , 2007 .

[24]  Dick de Zwart,et al.  Ecological Effects of Pesticide Use in The Netherlands: Modeled and Observed Effects in the Field Ditch , 2005 .

[25]  Ben J. M. Ale,et al.  Risk maps and communication , 1998 .

[26]  Dong-Chun Shin,et al.  Exposure to volatile organic compounds in residences adjacent to dyeing industrial complex , 2004, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[27]  Ian Spence,et al.  Judging Proportion with Graphs: The Summation Model , 1998 .

[28]  P. Gramatica,et al.  Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action. , 2003, Aquatic toxicology.

[29]  Rinus Plasmeijer,et al.  Eco-SpaCE: an object-oriented, spatially explicit model to assess the risk of multiple environmental stressors on terrestrial vertebrate populations. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[30]  J W N Smith,et al.  Prioritisation of abstraction boreholes at risk from chlorinated solvent contamination on the UK Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer using a GIS. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[31]  Paul Nelson,et al.  Australia's National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and Other Noxious and Hazardous Substances – Overview and Current Issues , 2000 .

[32]  Anjali Srivastava,et al.  Variability in Voc Concentrations in an Urban Area of Delhi , 2005, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[33]  Chang-Jo Chung,et al.  The representation of geoscience information for data integration , 1993 .

[34]  M. Vighi,et al.  Ecological vulnerability in risk assessment--a review and perspectives. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[35]  Barbara Sattler,et al.  Hazard Communication: A Review of the Science Underpinning the Art of Communication for Health and Safety , 1997 .

[36]  R. L. Plackett,et al.  Quantal Responses to Mixtures of Poisons , 1952 .

[37]  W. Boedeker,et al.  Assessment of the Combined Effects of Substances: The Relationship between Concentration Addition and Independent Action , 1995 .

[38]  L. Aller,et al.  Drastic: A Standardized System to Evaluate Groundwater Pollution Potential using Hydrogeologic Setting , 1987 .

[39]  M. Vighi,et al.  Predicting pesticide mixtures load in surface waters from a given crop , 2005 .

[40]  C. Chung,et al.  Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping , 1999 .

[41]  Uwe Schlink,et al.  Seasonal cycle of indoor-VOCs: comparison of apartments and cities , 2004 .

[42]  Hakan Pekey,et al.  The Relationship Between Indoor, Outdoor and Personal VOC Concentrations in Homes, Offices and Schools in the Metropolitan Region of Kocaeli, Turkey , 2008 .

[43]  M. Faust,et al.  Combined effects of toxicants : the need and soundness of assessment approaches in ecotoxicology , 1993 .

[44]  T. Backhaus,et al.  Application and validation of approaches for the predictive hazard assessment of realistic pesticide mixtures. , 2006, Aquatic toxicology.

[45]  R. Luttik,et al.  Dutch Environmental Indicator for Plant Protection Products Description of input data and calculation methods , 2004 .

[46]  P. Elliott,et al.  Spatial Epidemiology: Current Approaches and Future Challenges , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[47]  Jorma Laaksonen,et al.  Variants of self-organizing maps , 1990, International 1989 Joint Conference on Neural Networks.

[48]  M Vighi,et al.  Ecological vulnerability analysis: a river basin case study. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[49]  Lammert Kooistra,et al.  Environmental risk mapping of pollutants: state of the art and communication aspects. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[50]  Aafke M Schipper,et al.  Modeling the influence of environmental heterogeneity on heavy metal exposure concentrations for terrestrial vertebrates in river floodplains , 2008, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[51]  R. Kruijne,et al.  Dutch environmental indicator for plant protection products, version 2 : input, calculation and aggregation procedures , 2008 .