Membrane bending energy concept of vesicle‐ and cell‐shapes and shape‐transitions

The main objective of this lecture is to discuss the role of lipid‐bilayer elasticity (1) for the self‐organization of lipid/protein‐bilayers (2) for the stabilization of domain structures and shapes of cell membranes and (3) for the control of shape transitions (e.g. bud‐ and pit‐formation) and shape instabilities (vesicle fission). It is demonstrated that many complex shape transitions of cell membranes can be mimicked by single lipid bilayer vesicles by simply varying the area‐to‐volume ratio or by chemically induced bending moments suggesting that these processes are governed by the universal minimum bending energy concept of closed shells composed of stratified membranes. The essential role of the coupling between curvature and phase separation in mixed membranes for the formation and stabilization of local pits and buds or the fission of budded vesicles is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the consequences of the pronounced thermally excited bending undulations of the hyperelastic membranes for the membrane tension, the material exchange at membrane surfaces and the control of the adhesion of vesicles (or cells) on solid substrates.

[1]  Seifert,et al.  Adhesion of vesicles. , 1990, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[2]  E. Sackmann,et al.  Imaging optical thicknesses and separation distances of phospholipid vesicles at solid surfaces , 1993 .

[3]  E. Sackmann,et al.  On Domain Structure and Local Curvature in Lipid Bilayers and Biological Membranes , 1977, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences.

[4]  E. Evans,et al.  Thermoelasticity of large lecithin bilayer vesicles. , 1981, Biophysical journal.

[5]  W. Goldmann,et al.  Talin anchors and nucleates actin filaments at lipid membranes A direct demonstration , 1992, FEBS letters.

[6]  J. Käs,et al.  Budding and fission of vesicles. , 1993, Biophysical journal.

[7]  Bensimon,et al.  Observation of toroidal vesicles. , 1991, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[8]  E. Sackmann,et al.  On the measurement of shear elastic moduli and viscosities of erythrocyte plasma membranes by transient deformation in high frequency electric fields. , 1988, Biophysical journal.

[9]  Milner,et al.  Dynamical fluctuations of droplet microemulsions and vesicles. , 1987, Physical review. A, General physics.

[10]  H. Duwe,et al.  Bending elasticity and thermal excitations of lipid bilayer vesicles: Modulation by solutes , 1990 .

[11]  J. Käs,et al.  Shape transitions and shape stability of giant phospholipid vesicles in pure water induced by area-to-volume changes. , 1991, Biophysical journal.

[12]  W. Helfrich.  The size of bilayer vesicles generated by sonication , 1974 .

[13]  W. Knoll,et al.  Small-angle neutron scattering study of lateral phase separation in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol mixed membranes. , 1985, Biochemistry.

[14]  E. Sackmann,et al.  Reconstitution of transferrin receptor in mixed lipid vesicles. An example of the role of elastic and electrostatic forces for protein/lipid assembly. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[15]  E. Sackmann.  Molecular and global structure and dynamics of membranes and lipid bilayers , 1990 .

[16]  P. Fromherz,et al.  From discoid micelles to spherical vesicles. The concept of edge activity , 1986 .

[17]  D. Marsh,et al.  Phospholipid Bilayers: Physical Principles and Models , 1987 .

[18]  E. Sackmann.  Intra- and extracellular macromolecular networks : physics and biological function , 1994 .

[19]  E. Evans,et al.  Bending resistance and chemically induced moments in membrane bilayers. , 1974, Biophysical journal.

[20]  Reinhard Lipowsky,et al.  The conformation of membranes , 1991, Nature.

[21]  Reinhard Lipowsky,et al.  Budding of membranes induced by intramembrane domains , 1992 .

[22]  David Andelman,et al.  Equilibrium shape of two-component unilamellar membranes and vesicles , 1992 .

[23]  M. Bloom,et al.  Physical properties of the fluid lipid-bilayer component of cell membranes: a perspective , 1991, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.