Continuum crowds

We present a real-time crowd model based on continuum dynamics. In our model, a dynamic potential field simultaneously integrates global navigation with moving obstacles such as other people, efficiently solving for the motion of large crowds without the need for explicit collision avoidance. Simulations created with our system run at interactive rates, demonstrate smooth flow under a variety of conditions, and naturally exhibit emergent phenomena that have been observed in real crowds.

[1]  Lubos Buzna,et al.  Self-Organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations, and Design Solutions , 2005, Transp. Sci..

[2]  Tsai-Yen Li,et al.  Motion planning for a crowd of robots , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422).

[3]  Céline Loscos,et al.  Intuitive crowd behavior in dense urban environments using local laws , 2003, Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2003..

[4]  Stanley Osher,et al.  Fast Sweeping Algorithms for a Class of Hamilton-Jacobi Equations , 2003, SIAM J. Numer. Anal..

[5]  Roger L. Hughes,et al.  A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians , 2002 .

[6]  Ronald Fedkiw,et al.  Visual simulation of smoke , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  Andreas Schadschneider,et al.  Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics , 2002 .

[8]  Nancy M. Amato,et al.  Better Group Behaviors in Complex Environments using Global Roadmaps , 2002 .

[9]  N. Badler,et al.  Crowd simulation incorporating agent psychological models, roles and communication , 2005 .

[10]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[11]  David C. Brogan,et al.  Group Behaviors for Systems with Significant Dynamics , 1997, Auton. Robots.

[12]  Roger L. Hughes,et al.  Mathematical modelling of a mediaeval battle: the Battle of Agincourt, 1415 , 2004, Math. Comput. Simul..

[13]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  Scalable nonlinear dynamical systems for agent steering and crowd simulation , 2001, Comput. Graph..

[14]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Autonomous pedestrians , 2005, SCA '05.

[15]  Lucas Kovar,et al.  Fast and accurate goal-directed motion synthesis for crowds , 2005, SCA '05.

[16]  Stéphane Donikian,et al.  Crowd of Virtual Humans: a New Approach for Real Time Navigation in Complex and Structured Environments , 2004, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[17]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Scalable behaviors for crowd simulation , 2004, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[18]  Tsai-Yen Li,et al.  Simulating virtual human crowds with a leader-follower model , 2001, Proceedings Computer Animation 2001. Fourteenth Conference on Computer Animation (Cat. No.01TH8596).

[19]  Daniel Thalmann,et al.  Crowd modelling in collaborative virtual environments , 1998, VRST '98.

[20]  J. Tsitsiklis.  Efficient algorithms for globally optimal trajectories , 1995, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[21]  John Funge,et al.  Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[22]  R. Colombo,et al.  Pedestrian flows and non‐classical shocks , 2005 .

[23]  D. Helbing,et al.  Computer Simulations of Pedestrian Dynamics and Trail Formation , 1998, cond-mat/9805074.

[24]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Self-Organizing Pedestrian Movement , 2001 .

[25]  Mark H. Overmars,et al.  Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation (2004) , 2022 .

[26]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Reactive pedestrian path following from examples , 2004, The Visual Computer.

[27]  Lynne E. Parker.  Designing control laws for cooperative agent teams , 1993, [1993] Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[28]  Craig W. Reynolds.  Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[29]  Stephen Chenney,et al.  Flow tiles , 2004, SCA '04.

[30]  Ron Kimmel,et al.  Optimal Algorithm for Shape from Shading and Path Planning , 2001, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision.

[31]  Soraia Raupp Musse,et al.  A Model of Human Crowd Behavior : Group Inter-Relationship and Collision Detection Analysis , 1997, Computer Animation and Simulation.

[32]  R. Hughes.  The flow of human crowds , 2003 .