Dynamic response of murine gut intraepithelial T cells after infection by the coccidian parasite Eimeria

The response of murine intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) populations to challenge by Eimeria vermiformis, a naturally occurring protozoan parasite of the gut epithelium, has been studied. The number of recoverable IEL increased within 3 days post infection, was depleted by day 7 post infection, but was significantly increased again by about day 14 post infection. Special attention was paid to γ δ+ IEL T cells, because they are of unknown functions. These cells showed changes in numbers similar to the total IEL population. Moreover, by day 3, increased expression was detected among γ δ + IEL T cells, of T cell receptor genes not constitutively associated with the intestine. These results demonstrate that the IEL repertoire, and within that, the γ δ + T cell repertoire, can be extremely dynamic post infection with a naturally occurring epithelial‐tropic pathogen. In considering the potential benefits of such IEL changes, we hypothesize that they may be relevant to the transient protection of the host's epithelium, both from parasitic re‐infection, and from potentially damaging inflammation.

[1]  E. Savilahti,et al.  Increase in gamma/delta T cell receptor bearing lymphocytes in normal small bowel mucosa in latent coeliac disease. , 1991, Gut.

[2]  D. Owen,et al.  Susceptibility to coccidiosis: effect of strain of mouse on reproduction of Eimeria vermiformis , 1984, Parasitology.

[3]  T. Inoue,et al.  Early appearing gamma/delta-bearing T cells during infection with Calmétte Guérin bacillus. , 1991, Journal of immunology.

[4]  S. Kaufmann,et al.  Activation of gamma delta T cells in the primary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. , 1989, Science.

[5]  S. Tonegawa,et al.  Diversity of γδ T-cell receptors on murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes , 1989, Nature.

[6]  J. Coligan,et al.  Expression of C gamma 4 T cell receptors and lack of isotype exclusion by dendritic epidermal T cell lines. , 1988, Journal of immunology.

[7]  J. Allison,et al.  Limited diversity of γδ antigen receptor genes of thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells , 1988, Cell.

[8]  J. Bluestone,et al.  Identification of a monoclonal antibody specific for a murine T3 polypeptide. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  D. Wakelin,et al.  Immunity to coccidiosis: adoptive transfer in NIH mice challenged with Eimeria vermiformis , 1988, Parasite immunology.

[10]  S. Kyes,et al.  Disparate types of γδ T cell , 1990 .

[11]  C. Janeway,et al.  Diversity in T-cell receptor gamma gene usage in intestinal epithelium. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  S. Kyes,et al.  Late dominance of the inflammatory process in murine influenza by gamma/delta + T cells , 1990, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[13]  S. Tonegawa,et al.  T-cell gamma gene is allelically but not isotypically excluded and is not required in known functional T-cell subsets. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  M N Marsh,et al.  Gluten, major histocompatibility complex, and the small intestine. A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity ('celiac sprue'). , 1992, Gastroenterology.

[15]  C. Dani,et al.  Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family. , 1985, Nucleic acids research.

[16]  D. Parrott,et al.  Preparation and purification of lymphocytes from the epithelium and lamina propria of murine small intestine. , 1981, Gut.

[17]  L. Lefrançois,et al.  Phenotypic complexity of intraepithelial lymphocytes of the small intestine. , 1991, Journal of immunology.

[18]  B. Malissen,et al.  Two gut intraepithelial CD8+ lymphocyte populations with different T cell receptors: a role for the gut epithelium in T cell differentiation , 1991, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[19]  L. Herzenberg,et al.  T cell subsets defined by expression of Lyt-1,2,3 and Thy-1 antigens. Two-parameter immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity analysis with monoclonal antibodies modifies current views , 1980, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[20]  E. Palmer,et al.  Stimulation of a major subset of lymphocytes expressing T cell receptor γδ by an antigen derived from mycobacterium tuberculosis , 1989, Cell.

[21]  W. Rutter,et al.  Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. , 1979, Biochemistry.

[22]  Y. Yoshikai,et al.  Induction of gamma/delta T cells in murine salmonellosis by an avirulent but not by a virulent strain of Salmonella choleraesuis , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[23]  H. Lillehoj,et al.  Increase of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing CD8 antigen following challenge infection with Eimeria acervulina. , 1991, Avian diseases.

[24]  A. Hayday,et al.  Rearrangement and diversity of T cell receptor β chain genes in thymocytes: A critical role for the β chain in development , 1993, Cell.

[25]  P. Marrack,et al.  Characterization of a monoclonal antibody which detects all murine alpha beta T cell receptors. , 1989, Journal of immunology.

[26]  C. Janeway,et al.  Specificity and function of T cells bearing γδ receptors , 1988 .

[27]  B. Blagburn,et al.  Pathological changes and immunity associated with experimental Eimeria vermiformis infections in Mus musculus. , 1984, The Journal of protozoology.

[28]  R. Grencis,et al.  Mediation of immunity to Eimeria vermiformis in mice by L3T4+ T cells , 1988, Infection and immunity.

[29]  D. Wakelin,et al.  Eimeria vermiformis: differences in the course of primary infection can be correlated with lymphocyte responsiveness in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse, Mus musculus. , 1990, Experimental parasitology.

[30]  J. Geysen,et al.  Simultaneous purification of merozoites and schizonts of Eimeria tenella (Apicomplexa) by Percoll flotation and assessment of cell viability with a double fluorescent dye assay. , 1991, The Journal of parasitology.

[31]  R. Kingston,et al.  Developmentally regulated fetal thymic and extrathymic T-cell receptor gamma delta gene expression. , 1990, Genes & development.

[32]  E. Palmer,et al.  Limited receptor repertoire in a mycobacteria-reactive subset of γδ T lymphocytes , 1989, Nature.

[33]  L. Lefrançois,et al.  Intraepithelial lymphocytes. Anatomical site, not T cell receptor form, dictates phenotype and function , 1989, The Journal of experimental medicine.