Wireless Sensor Networks in oil and gas industry: Recent advances, taxonomy, requirements, and open challenges

Abstract The industrial world of oil and gas involves critical processes and machinery for the exploration, extraction, refining, transporting and marketing petroleum products. Oil and gas companies need to control, monitor, maintain and secure the processes and industrial assets in an efficient manner. To resolve the critical challenges of pipeline condition, corrosion and integrity monitoring, gas leak detection, and other related problems, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provide promising solutions. WSN is the most prevalent technology used in oil and gas industry that has provided remote facilities to detect and report the anomalous events like the positions of leakage, corrosion or any other damage. A few existing studies in the literature do not cover the recent WSN based systems and techniques and only review the pipeline monitoring systems. These surveys lack the recent WSN based systems developed for monitoring and detecting damages to pipelines as well as other assets of oil and gas industry. In this paper we present a comprehensive review and detailed comparison of the most recent systems or techniques developed for monitoring various anomalous events that are involved in the three sectors (upstream, midstream, downstream) of oil and gas industry. We also describe the important requirements of WSNs to be deployed in the oil and gas industry. Finally, we highlight critical challenges of oil and gas industry.

[1]  S. Gupta,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networking for "Hot" Applications: Effects of Temperature on Signal Strength, Data Collection and Localization , 2008 .

[2]  James Brown,et al.  Low-Power Radio Communication in Industrial Outdoor Deployments: The Impact of Weather Conditions and ATEX-Compliance , 2009, SENSAPPEAL.

[3]  Yacine Challal,et al.  Secure and efficient disjoint multipath construction for fault tolerant routing in wireless sensor networks , 2011, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[4]  Jameela Al-Jaroodi,et al.  SmartCityWare: A Service-Oriented Middleware for Cloud and Fog Enabled Smart City Services , 2017, IEEE Access.

[5]  Mei Guo,et al.  An efficient oil and gas pipeline monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Information Security and Intelligent Control.

[6]  Jie Wu,et al.  On constructing k-connected k-dominating set in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks , 2006, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[7]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  A novel wireless sensor and actor network framework for autonomous monitoring and maintenance of lifeline infrastructures , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[8]  Umberto Spagnolini,et al.  Wireless Sensor Network Modeling and Deployment Challenges in Oil and Gas Refinery Plants , 2013, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[9]  Lizhi Xiao,et al.  Remote real-time monitoring system for oil and gas well based on wireless sensor networks , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering.

[10]  Mikel Larrea,et al.  Coordinated data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using the Omega failure detector , 2006, PE-WASUN '06.

[11]  Robert H. Deng,et al.  Detecting node replication attacks in wireless sensor networks: A survey , 2012, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[12]  Byunghun Song,et al.  The Possibility of Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Pipe Rack Safety Monitoring , 2014, 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[13]  Tarek R. Sheltami,et al.  Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Gas Safety System for Oil Drilling Sites using Wireless Sensor Network , 2015, EUSPN/ICTH.

[14]  Chien-Chi Kao,et al.  A Comprehensive Study on the Internet of Underwater Things: Applications, Challenges, and Channel Models † , 2017, Sensors.

[15]  Muhammad Khurram Khan,et al.  A reliable Internet of Things based architecture for oil and gas industry , 2017, 2017 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT).

[16]  Murat Kantarcioglu,et al.  A game theoretic approach for adversarial pipeline monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration (IRI).

[17]  Mohamad Naufal Mohamad Saad,et al.  Implementation of wireless sensor network in oil and gas specifically for personnel positioning application , 2015, INFOCOM 2015.

[18]  S. Sitharama Iyengar,et al.  SPAMMS: A sensor-based pipeline autonomous monitoring and maintenance system , 2010, 2010 Second International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworks (COMSNETS 2010).

[19]  Yang Xiang,et al.  Detection and Mitigation of Node Replication Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2013, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[20]  Yahui Wang,et al.  Design of WSN-based environment monitoring system on repair of gas leakage , 2015, The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC).

[21]  Fidelis C Obodoeze.  Wireless Sensor Network in Niger Delta Oil and Gas Field Monitoring: The Security Challenges and Countermeasures , 2012 .

[22]  M. Usman Akram,et al.  WML: Wireless Sensor Network based Machine Learning for Leakage Detection and Size Estimation , 2015, EUSPN/ICTH.

[23]  Junwen Wang,et al.  The monitoring system of leakage accidents in crude oil pipeline based on ZigBee technology , 2011, 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering.

[24]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  MISE-PIPE: Magnetic induction-based wireless sensor networks for underground pipeline monitoring , 2011, Ad Hoc Networks.

[25]  Muhammad Khurram Khan,et al.  A New Random Walk for Replica Detection in WSNs , 2016, PloS one.

[26]  Liqun Hou,et al.  Novel Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks for Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[27]  Zina Chkirbene,et al.  A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks , 2015, Int. J. Wirel. Mob. Comput..

[28]  Jameela Al-Jaroodi,et al.  Towards Service-Oriented Middleware for Fog and Cloud Integrated Cyber Physical Systems , 2017, 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW).

[29]  J.A. Stankovic,et al.  Denial of Service in Sensor Networks , 2002, Computer.

[30]  Gerhard P. Hancke,et al.  Software Defined Networking for Improved Wireless Sensor Network Management: A Survey , 2017, Sensors.

[31]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  SEDG: Scalable and Efficient Data Gathering Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs , 2015, ANT/SEIT.

[32]  Saad Bin Qaisar,et al.  SimpliMote: A Wireless Sensor Network Monitoring Platform for Oil and Gas Pipelines , 2018, IEEE Systems Journal.

[33]  Yang Xiang,et al.  The Selective Forwarding Attack in Sensor Networks: Detections and Countermeasures , 2012 .

[34]  David A. Wagner,et al.  Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures , 2003, Ad Hoc Networks.

[35]  Yinfeng Wu,et al.  Hierarchical Leak Detection and Localization Method in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks , 2011, Sensors.

[36]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  Energy-Efficient Routing Schemes for Underwater Acoustic Networks , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[37]  Wajeb Gharibi,et al.  Oil and Gas monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks: Requirements, issues and challenges , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET).

[38]  Tarek R. Sheltami,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for leak detection in pipelines: a survey , 2016, J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput..

[39]  John S. Heidemann,et al.  SWATS: Wireless sensor networks for steamflood and waterflood pipeline monitoring , 2011, IEEE Network.

[40]  M. Usman Akram,et al.  Wireless Sensor Network for Distributed Event Detection Based on Machine Learning , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things(iThings), and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom).

[41]  Dan Stefanoiu,et al.  A WSN Based Monitoring System for Oil and Gas Transportation through Pipelines , 2012 .

[42]  Wazir Zada Khan,et al.  Distributed Clone Detection in Static Wireless Sensor Networks: Random Walk with Network Division , 2015, PloS one.

[43]  Yacine Challal,et al.  HERO: Hierarchical kEy management pRotocol for heterOgeneous wireless sensor networks , 2008, WSAN.

[44]  Faisal Karim Shaikh,et al.  Underwater Sensor Network Applications: A Comprehensive Survey , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[45]  Jameela Al-Jaroodi,et al.  Monitoring Underwater PIpelines Using Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE 12th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC).

[46]  Muhammad Arshad,et al.  A Survey of Routing Issues and Associated Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks , 2017, J. Sensors.

[47]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  A sensor network for non-intrusive and efficient leak detection in long pipelines , 2011, 2011 IFIP Wireless Days (WD).

[48]  Shihong Duan,et al.  Optimization for Remote Monitoring Terrestrial Petroleum Pipeline Cathode Protection System Using Graded Network , 2015 .

[49]  Gyanendra Prasad Joshi,et al.  Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications, Challenges and Research Trends , 2013, Sensors.

[50]  Muhammad Khurram Khan,et al.  Cryptanalysis and Security Improvements of ‘Two-Factor User Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks’ , 2010, Sensors.

[51]  Alex Talevski,et al.  The role of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in industrial oil and gas condition monitoring , 2010, 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies.

[52]  Muhammad Khurram Khan,et al.  Design of an anonymity-preserving three-factor authenticated key exchange protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2016, Comput. Networks.

[53]  Mohammed Atiquzzaman,et al.  A cost analysis framework for claimer reporter witness based clone detection schemes in WSNs , 2016, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[54]  M. Piantanida,et al.  A Novel Design And Implementation Of A Wireless Sensor Network Aimed At Monitoring The Vibrations Produced By Oil & Gas Activities , 2011 .

[55]  Yacine Challal,et al.  Node capture attack impact on key management schemes for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2009, 2009 Global Information Infrastructure Symposium.

[56]  Mohamad Naufal bin Mohamad Saad,et al.  Detecting replicated nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks using random walks and network division , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[57]  Kristofer S. J. Pister,et al.  Wireless Gas Leak Detection and Localization , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[58]  Mahmoud Abdellaoui,et al.  Novel wireless sensors network routing approach for industrial process control , 2013, 10th International Multi-Conferences on Systems, Signals & Devices 2013 (SSD13).

[59]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[60]  Yuan Li,et al.  Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006..

[61]  Mohammed Z. Al-Faiz,et al.  Cathodic Protection Remote Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensor Network , 2012 .

[62]  Stuart A. Boyer.  Scada: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition , 1993 .

[63]  Emad A. Felemban,et al.  Reliable monitoring of oil and gas pipelines using wireless sensor network (WSN) — REMONG , 2014, 2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE).

[64]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.