Analysis of competitive failure life of bolt loosening and fatigue

Abstract Bolt joints are often subjected to combined loading conditions, and there exists a competitive failure relationship between bolt loosening and fatigue under combined loading. To study the competitive failure characteristics of bolt loosening and fatigue and predict the competitive failure life, a competitive bolt failure test was conducted. According to the test data, the clamping force recession, load-life prediction, and critical-value prediction curves of the axial load to restrain bolt failure under combined loading were obtained. The bolt failures were categorized as loosening, critical state of loosening and fatigue, and fatigue, and the failure types were determined by the load ratio. The transverse load always accelerated the bolt failure, while the effects of axial load varied according to the magnitude. Additionally, a reasonable form of load combination in the bolt connection design and a competitive failure-life prediction model were proposed, thus providing a reference for the failure-life prediction of bolts under combined loading.

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