Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection

In this paper, we present a real-time pedestrian detection system that uses a pair of moving cameras to detect both stationary and moving pedestrians in crowded environments. This is achieved through stereo-based segmentation and neural network-based recognition. Stereo-based segmentation allows us to extract objects from a changing background; neural network-based recognition allows us to identify pedestrians in various poses, shapes, sizes, clothing, occlusion status. The experiments on a large number of urban street scenes demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in terms of pedestrian detection rate and frame processing rate.

[1]  K. Rohr Towards model-based recognition of human movements in image sequences , 1994 .

[2]  Hironobu Fujiyoshi,et al.  Moving target classification and tracking from real-time video , 1998, Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. WACV'98 (Cat. No.98EX201).

[3]  David C. Hogg Model-based vision: a program to see a walking person , 1983, Image Vis. Comput..

[4]  Charles E. Thorpe,et al.  Side collision warning systems for transit buses , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2000 (Cat. No.00TH8511).

[5]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[6]  Osama Masoud,et al.  Robust pedestrian tracking using a model-based approach , 1997, Proceedings of Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[7]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  W4S : A real-time system for detecting and tracking people in 2 D , 1998, eccv 1998.

[8]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Integrated Person Tracking Using Stereo, Color, and Pattern Detection , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[9]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  Analyzing and recognizing walking figures in XYT , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  John Woodfill,et al.  Real-time stereo vision on the PARTS reconfigurable computer , 1997, Proceedings. The 5th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines Cat. No.97TB100186).

[11]  C. Wöhler,et al.  A TIME-DELAY NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME PEDESTRIAN RECOGNITION , 1998 .

[12]  Theodoros Evgeniou,et al.  A TRAINABLE PEDESTRIAN DETECTION SYSTEM , 1998 .

[13]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  A stereo machine for video-rate dense depth mapping and its new applications , 1996, Proceedings CVPR IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[14]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  Real-time object detection for "smart" vehicles , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[15]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Rotation Invariant Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[16]  Robert C. Bolles,et al.  Background modeling for segmentation of video-rate stereo sequences , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[17]  Peter J. Burt,et al.  Object tracking with a moving camera , 1989, [1989] Proceedings. Workshop on Visual Motion.

[18]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Learning internal representations by error propagation , 1986 .

[19]  Gang Xu,et al.  Understanding human motion patterns , 1994, Proceedings of the 12th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol. 3 - Conference C: Signal Processing (Cat. No.94CH3440-5).

[20]  Alonzo Kelly,et al.  Obstacle detection for unmanned ground vehicles: a progress report , 1995 .

[21]  Jakub Segen,et al.  A camera-based system for tracking people in real time , 1996, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[22]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[23]  Charles E. Thorpe,et al.  A new focus for side collision warning systems for transit buses , 2000 .

[24]  Kurt Konolige,et al.  Small Vision Systems: Hardware and Implementation , 1998 .

[25]  E. Adelson,et al.  Analyzing gait with spatiotemporal surfaces , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Workshop on Motion of Non-rigid and Articulated Objects.

[26]  Dean A. Pomerleau,et al.  Knowledge-Based Training of Artificial Neural Networks for Autonomous Robot Driving , 1993 .

[27]  Hideo Mori,et al.  On-line vehicle and pedestrian detections based on sign pattern , 1994, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[28]  Hironobu Fujiyoshi,et al.  Real-time human motion analysis by image skeletonization , 1998, Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. WACV'98 (Cat. No.98EX201).

[29]  Alvin R. Tilley,et al.  The Measure of Man and Woman: Human Factors in Design , 2001 .

[30]  Mahmood Fathy,et al.  Neural-vision based approach for real-time road traffic applications , 1997 .