Mind wandering during lectures I: Changes in rates across an entire semester.

[1]  Daniel Smilek,et al.  On the relation of mind wandering and ADHD symptomatology , 2015, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[2]  Daniel Smilek,et al.  Wandering minds and wavering rhythms: linking mind wandering and behavioral variability. , 2013, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[3]  J. P. Mclean,et al.  Daydreaming and its correlates in an educational environment , 2011 .

[4]  E. Klinger,et al.  Daydreaming and Fantasizing: Thought Flow and Motivation , 2008 .

[5]  Jonathan S. A. Carriere,et al.  The way we encounter reading material influences how frequently we mind wander , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[6]  B. Baars.  Spontaneous repetitive thoughts can be adaptive: postscript on "mind wandering". , 2010, Psychological bulletin.

[7]  Jonathan S. A. Carriere,et al.  Not all mind wandering is created equal: dissociating deliberate from spontaneous mind wandering , 2015, Psychological research.

[8]  W. Helton,et al.  Signal salience and the mindlessness theory of vigilance. , 2008, Acta psychologica.

[9]  W H Teichner,et al.  The Detection of a Simple Visual Signal as a Function of Time of Watch , 1974, Human factors.

[10]  Jonathan W. Schooler,et al.  Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[11]  Joel S. Warm,et al.  Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful , 2008, Hum. Factors.

[12]  Carl M. Stroh,et al.  Vigilance : the problem of sustained attention , 1971 .

[13]  Anna‐Lisa Cohen.  Attentional decoupling while pursuing intentions: a form of mind wandering? , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[14]  P. Hancock,et al.  In search of vigilance: the problem of iatrogenically created psychological phenomena. , 2013, The American psychologist.

[15]  Daniel Smilek,et al.  Attention failures versus misplaced diligence: Separating attention lapses from speed–accuracy trade-offs , 2012, Consciousness and Cognition.

[16]  S. Majerus,et al.  Concern-induced negative affect is associated with the occurrence and content of mind-wandering , 2013, Consciousness and Cognition.

[17]  D. Besner,et al.  On the link between mind wandering and task performance over time , 2014, Consciousness and Cognition.

[18]  E. Klinger.  Structure and functions of fantasy , 1971 .

[19]  J. Smallwood,et al.  The restless mind. , 2006, Psychological bulletin.

[20]  M. Kane,et al.  Does mind wandering reflect executive function or executive failure? Comment on Smallwood and Schooler (2006) and Watkins (2008). , 2010, Psychological bulletin.

[21]  J. Smallwood,et al.  The lights are on but no one’s home: Meta-awareness and the decoupling of attention when the mind wanders , 2007, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[22]  L. Giambra,et al.  Task-unrelated-thought frequency as a function of age: a laboratory study. , 1989, Psychology and aging.

[23]  James R. Schoen,et al.  Use of Consciousness Sampling to Study Teaching Methods , 1970 .

[24]  Lisa A. Burke,et al.  Re-setting the concentration levels of students in higher education: an exploratory study , 2008 .

[25]  J. Smallwood,et al.  The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. , 2015, Annual review of psychology.

[26]  Titus Geerligs,et al.  Students' thoughts during problem-based small-group discussions , 1994 .

[27]  J. Antrobus,et al.  Studies in the stream of consciousness: Experimental enhancement and suppression of spontaneous cognitive processes , 1966 .

[28]  D. Schacter,et al.  Overcoming overconfidence in learning from video-recorded lectures: Implications of interpolated testing for online education , 2014 .

[29]  L. Giambra,et al.  A Laboratory Method for Investigating Influences on Switching Attention to Task-Unrelated Imagery and Thought , 1995, Consciousness and Cognition.

[30]  Nicola C. Anderson,et al.  Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture , 2012 .

[31]  R. Parasuraman,et al.  Interaction of signal discriminability and task type in vigilance decrement , 1987, Perception & psychophysics.

[32]  Peter J. Frederick.  The Lively Lecture—8 Variations , 1986 .

[33]  E. Klinger,et al.  Dimensions of thought and imagery in normal waking states. , 1979 .

[34]  D. Gilbert,et al.  A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind , 2010, Science.

[35]  Jonathan S. A. Carriere,et al.  Wandering in both mind and body: individual differences in mind wandering and inattention predict fidgeting. , 2013, Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale.

[36]  J. Stuart,et al.  MEDICAL STUDENT CONCENTRATION DURING LECTURES , 1978, The Lancet.

[37]  Todd D. Hollander,et al.  Signal regularity and the mindlessness model of vigilance. , 2005, British journal of psychology.

[38]  Tyler H. Shaw,et al.  Predicting vigilance: A fresh look at an old problem , 2009, Ergonomics.

[39]  Jeffrey D. Wammes,et al.  On the relation between motivation and retention in educational contexts: The role of intentional and unintentional mind wandering , 2015, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

[40]  Francis T. Durso,et al.  Using Engagement to Negate Vigilance Decrements in the NextGen Environment , 2012, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[41]  James L. Szalma,et al.  The Vigilance Decrement Reflects Limitations in Effortful Attention, Not Mindlessness , 2003, Hum. Factors.

[42]  N. Mackworth.  The Breakdown of Vigilance during Prolonged Visual Search 1 , 1948 .

[43]  M. Kane,et al.  Working memory capacity does not always support future-oriented mind-wandering. , 2013, Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale.

[44]  D. Besner,et al.  In pursuit of off-task thought: mind wandering-performance trade-offs while reading aloud and color naming , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[45]  Scott T. Grafton,et al.  Wandering Minds: The Default Network and Stimulus-Independent Thought , 2007, Science.

[46]  J. Smallwood,et al.  Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering , 2011, Consciousness and Cognition.

[47]  R. De Beni,et al.  When the mind wanders: age-related differences between young and older adults. , 2014, Acta psychologica.

[48]  Nash Unsworth,et al.  Mind wandering and reading comprehension: examining the roles of working memory capacity, interest, motivation, and topic experience. , 2013, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[49]  Angela L. Duckworth,et al.  An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance. , 2013, The Behavioral and brain sciences.

[50]  Kan Zhang,et al.  Chronotype and time-of-day correlates of mind wandering and related phenomena , 2014 .

[51]  Alan Kingstone,et al.  Everyday attention: Mind wandering and computer use during lectures , 2013, Comput. Educ..

[52]  Roy F. Baumeister,et al.  Unfulfilled goals interfere with tasks that require executive functions , 2011 .

[53]  W. M. Cox,et al.  Motivation and the Goal Theory of Current Concerns , 2011 .

[54]  Steve Majerus,et al.  Using the Daydreaming Frequency Scale to Investigate the Relationships between Mind-Wandering, Psychological Well-Being, and Present-Moment Awareness , 2012, Front. Psychology.

[55]  E. Klinger,et al.  Current Concerns and Disengagement from Incentives , 1987 .

[56]  Mark S. Young,et al.  Students pay attention! , 2009 .

[57]  Jonathan S. A. Carriere,et al.  Restless mind, restless body. , 2014, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[58]  Leonard M. Giambra,et al.  Task‐unrelated thoughts of college students diagnosed as hyperactive in childhood , 1993 .

[59]  J. Antrobus.  INFORMATION THEORY AND STIMULUS‐INDEPENDENT THOUGHT , 1968 .

[60]  Daniel Smilek,et al.  Motivation, intentionality, and mind wandering: Implications for assessments of task-unrelated thought. , 2015, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[61]  James M. Shine,et al.  Shaped by our thoughts – A new task to assess spontaneous cognition and its associated neural correlates in the default network , 2015, Brain and Cognition.

[62]  Jonathan Smallwood,et al.  Task unrelated thought: The role of distributed processing , 2003, Consciousness and Cognition.

[63]  M. Kane,et al.  What Mind Wandering Reveals About Executive-Control Abilities and Failures , 2012 .

[64]  A. Coenen,et al.  Mental effort causes vigilance decrease due to resource depletion. , 2004, Acta psychologica.

[65]  Alan Kingstone,et al.  Everyday attention and lecture retention: the effects of time, fidgeting, and mind wandering , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[66]  Jeffrey D. Wammes,et al.  Mind wandering during lectures II: Relation to academic performance. , 2016 .

[67]  Jonathan Smallwood,et al.  When is your head at? An exploration of the factors associated with the temporal focus of the wandering mind , 2009, Consciousness and Cognition.

[68]  P. Cameron,et al.  Consciousness Sampling in the College Classroom or Is Anybody Listening , 1972 .

[69]  Peter Totterdell,et al.  Mind-wandering and negative mood: Does one thing really lead to another? , 2013, Consciousness and Cognition.

[70]  D. Smilek,et al.  On the Necessity of Distinguishing Between Unintentional and Intentional Mind Wandering , 2016, Psychological science.

[71]  L. Phillips,et al.  Shifting moods, wandering minds: negative moods lead the mind to wander. , 2009, Emotion.

[72]  Sanjay Kumar,et al.  An innovative method to enhance interaction during lecture sessions. , 2003, Advances in physiology education.

[73]  D. Schacter,et al.  Interpolated memory tests reduce mind wandering and improve learning of online lectures , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[74]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Mind wandering while reading easy and difficult texts , 2013, Psychonomic bulletin & review.