Clinical inertia with regard to intensifying therapy in people with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin

To investigate whether clinical inertia, the failure to intensify treatment regimens when required, exists in people with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin.

[1]  C. Mackenzie,et al.  A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. , 1987, Journal of chronic diseases.

[2]  R. Holman,et al.  Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[3]  G. Nichols,et al.  The burden of treatment failure in type 2 diabetes. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[4]  W. Polonsky,et al.  Psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: the scope of the problem. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[5]  N. Clark,et al.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: Response to Power , 2006 .

[6]  S. Soedamah-Muthu,et al.  Risk of stroke in people with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a study using the General Practice Research Database , 2006, Diabetologia.

[7]  S. Gough,et al.  Delayed initiation of subcutaneous insulin therapy after failure of oral glucose‐lowering agents in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based analysis in the UK , 2007, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[8]  A. Farmer,et al.  Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  Z. Bloomgarden.  Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Tale of Three Studies , 2008, Diabetes Care.

[10]  R. Holman,et al.  10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  P. Sharplin,et al.  Switching from premixed insulin to glargine-based insulin regimen improves glycaemic control in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a retrospective primary care-based analysis , 2009, Cardiovascular diabetology.

[12]  A. Farmer,et al.  Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  V. Fonseca.  Defining and Characterizing the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[14]  P. Rose,et al.  Validity of diagnostic coding within the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. , 2010, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[15]  K. Khunti,et al.  Clinical inertia in management of T2DM. , 2010, Primary care diabetes.

[16]  A. Rigby,et al.  Safety, efficacy and tolerability of exenatide in combination with insulin in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide exenatide audit * , 2011, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[17]  S. de Lusignan,et al.  Miscoding, misclassification and misdiagnosis of diabetes in primary care , 2012, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[18]  T. V. van Staa,et al.  Recent advances in the utility and use of the General Practice Research Database as an example of a UK Primary Care Data resource , 2012, Therapeutic advances in drug safety.

[19]  K. Khunti,et al.  Insulin initiation and management in people with Type 2 diabetes in an ethnically diverse population: the healthcare provider perspective , 2012, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[20]  K. Khunti,et al.  Study of Once Daily Levemir (SOLVE™): insights into the timing of insulin initiation in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice , 2012, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[21]  K. Khunti,et al.  Risk identification and interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk: summary of NICE guidance , 2012, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[22]  T. Iványi,et al.  Optimization of insulin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: beyond basal insulin , 2012, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[23]  A. Vaag,et al.  THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: treatment guidelines, clinical evidence and patterns of use of basal vs premixed insulin analogues , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[24]  F. Haaijer-Ruskamp,et al.  Deprescribing medication in very elderly patients with multimorbidity: the view of Dutch GPs. A qualitative study , 2012, BMC Family Practice.

[25]  F. Wolf.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2014 , 2013, Diabetes Care.

[26]  R. Berria,et al.  Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach for Primary Care Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals , 2013, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

[27]  K. Khunti,et al.  Self‐titration of insulin in the management of people with type 2 diabetes: a practical solution to improve management in primary care , 2013, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[28]  K. Khunti,et al.  A retrospective cohort study of more than 80,000 people , 2013 .

[29]  I. Raz,et al.  Intensification of Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Care: Basal-Bolus Regimen Versus Premix Insulin Analogs , 2013, Diabetes Care.

[30]  What are the barriers faced by patients using insulin? A qualitative study of Malaysian health care professionals’ views , 2013, Patient preference and adherence.

[31]  D. Steinke,et al.  Clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis of pharmacist-managed diabetes care vs. usual medical care , 2013, Pharmacy practice.

[32]  R. Schlinkert,et al.  Clinical Inertia during Postoperative Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship between Hyperglycemia and Insulin Therapy Intensification , 2013, Journal of diabetes science and technology.

[33]  D. Matthews,et al.  Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes , 2014, Diabetes Care.

[34]  M. Brod,et al.  Barriers to Initiating Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Development of a New Patient Education Tool to Address Myths, Misconceptions and Clinical Realities , 2014, The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research.

[35]  Natalia Beloff,et al.  Exploiting the potential of large databases of electronic health records for research using rapid search algorithms and an intuitive query interface , 2013, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[36]  K. Khunti,et al.  Acknowledging and allocating responsibility for clinical inertia in the management of Type 2 diabetes in primary care: a qualitative study , 2015, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[37]  K. Khunti,et al.  Delay in treatment intensification increases the risks of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes , 2015, Cardiovascular Diabetology.