Optimal Sizing and Siting of Distributed Generators by Exhaustive Search

ABSTRACTDispersed generation generally refers to power generation on the customer side of a power network. This article demonstrates the improvement in network parameters which could be achieved by using single and multiple Distributed Generation units in three selected standard networks. A reliable multi variable method is used for finding optimal installation point and size of distributed generation units. Their sites and sizes are recognized by implementation of a proposed method with exhaustive search. Optimization has been applied on network total active and reactive losses together with voltage variation. IEEE 6, 14 and 30 buses standard networks have been selected as study cases. The total active and reactive power losses are minimized while voltage profile is improved by installing Distributed Generation units on recognized optimal points with achieved optimal size.

[1]  Sakti Prasad Ghoshal,et al.  Optimal sizing and placement of distributed generation in a network system , 2010 .

[2]  Kyu-Ho Kim,et al.  Dispersed generator placement using fuzzy-GA in distribution systems , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,.

[3]  J. Zuboy,et al.  Nontechnical Barriers to Solar Energy Use: Review of Recent Literature , 2006 .

[4]  Neil Strachan,et al.  Emissions from distributed vs. centralized generation: the importance of system performance , 2006 .

[5]  Rafael Cossent,et al.  Towards a future with large penetration of distributed generation: Is the current regulation of electricity distribution ready? Regulatory recommendations under a European perspective , 2009 .

[6]  Sudipta Ghosh,et al.  Two analytical approaches for optimal placement of distributed generation unit in power systems , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Power Systems.

[7]  Goldberg,et al.  Genetic algorithms , 1993, Robust Control Systems with Genetic Algorithms.

[8]  Allen J. Wood,et al.  Power Generation, Operation, and Control , 1984 .

[9]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view , 2009 .

[10]  Hamid Lesani,et al.  An approach to deterministic and stochastic evaluation of the uncertainties in distributed generation systems , 2009 .

[11]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  Distributed generation technologies, definitions and benefits , 2004 .

[12]  F. Sheidaei,et al.  Optimal Distributed Generation allocation in distirbution systems employing ant colony to reduce losses , 2008, 2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[13]  Ronnie Belmans,et al.  Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues , 2005 .

[14]  Christoph Haederli,et al.  Network integration of distributed power generation , 2002 .

[15]  Miroslav Begovic,et al.  Placement of distributed generators and reclosers for distribution network security and reliability , 2005 .

[16]  K. Tomsovic,et al.  Placement of dispersed generation systems for reduced losses , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[17]  Weidong Xiao,et al.  Allowable DG penetration level considering harmonic distortions , 2011, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[18]  F. Pilo,et al.  A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for the sizing and siting of distributed generation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[19]  Hans B. Puttgen,et al.  Distributed generation: Semantic hype or the dawn of a new era? , 2003 .

[20]  M. Sedighizadeh,et al.  Optimal Sizing and Sitting of Distributed Generation for Power System Transient Stability Enhancement Using Genetic Algorithm , 2009 .

[21]  Reinhard Madlener,et al.  Investing in Power Generation , 2008 .

[22]  W. Kling,et al.  Is the answer blowing in the wind , 2003 .

[23]  I. Musirin,et al.  Optimal allocation and sizing of embedded generators , 2004, PECon 2004. Proceedings. National Power and Energy Conference, 2004..

[24]  Hadi Saadat,et al.  Power System Analysis , 1998 .

[25]  Nadarajah Mithulananthan,et al.  Optimal DG placement in deregulated electricity market , 2007 .

[26]  G. Martin.  Renewable energy gets the "green" light in Chicago , 2003 .

[27]  N. Hadjsaid,et al.  Dispersed generation impact on distribution networks , 1999 .

[28]  R. Stanley,et al.  Algebraic enumeration , 1996 .

[29]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  Green power: What is it and where can we find it? , 2003 .

[30]  Caisheng Wang,et al.  Analytical approaches for optimal placement of distributed generation sources in power systems , 2004 .

[31]  Christof Paar,et al.  Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners , 2009 .

[32]  Pierluigi Siano,et al.  Hybrid GA and OPF evaluation of network capacity for distributed generation connections , 2008 .

[33]  Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo,et al.  Optimal distributed generation allocation in MV distribution networks , 2001, PICA 2001. Innovative Computing for Power - Electric Energy Meets the Market. 22nd IEEE Power Engineering Society. International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications (Cat. No.01CH37195).

[34]  E. Kreyszig,et al.  Advanced Engineering Mathematics. , 1974 .

[35]  M. Vakilian,et al.  A combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for optimal DG allocation in distribution networks , 2005, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005..

[36]  N. S. Rau,et al.  Optimum location of resources in distributed planning , 1994 .

[37]  Kevin Tomsovic,et al.  Optimal distribution power flow for systems with distributed energy resources , 2007 .

[38]  B. Mozafari,et al.  Optimal operation of distribution system with regard to distributed generation: a comparison of evolutionary methods , 2005, Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference, 2005..

[39]  A. M. El-Zonkoly,et al.  Optimal placement of multi-distributed generation units including different load models using particle swarm optimization , 2011, Swarm Evol. Comput..

[40]  Y. Kishinevsky,et al.  Coming clean with fuel cells , 2003 .

[41]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[42]  A. T-Raissi,et al.  Hydrogen: automotive fuel of the future , 2004, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[43]  Swapan Kumar Goswami,et al.  Optimum allocation of distributed generations based on nodal pricing for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise issue , 2010 .

[44]  Yasuhiro Hayashi,et al.  Application of tabu search to optimal placement of distributed generators , 2001, 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37194).

[45]  Priyantha D.C. Wijayatunga,et al.  Impact of distributed and independent power generation on greenhouse gas emissions: Sri Lanka , 2004 .

[46]  J. Steury,et al.  Distributed asset insight , 2004, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[47]  Karen Miu,et al.  Switch placement to improve system reliability for radial distribution systems with distributed generation , 2003 .

[48]  Lennart Söder,et al.  Distributed generation : a definition , 2001 .