Colon-specific delivery of mesalazine chitosan microspheres

Mesalazine (5-ASA) is a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor and anti-inflammatory drug effective in Crohn's disease and ulcerative-colitis. As 5-ASA is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine and it is necessary to develop a colon-specific delivery system for it. Coated chitosan microspheres were used for this purpose by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique based on a multiple w/o/w emulsion. Four hundred milligrams of chitosan solution (3%) in dilute acetic acid (0.5 M) containing 12% 5-ASA was dispersed into 2 ml solution of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) in methylene chloride. The primary induced w/o emulsion was dispersed into a 1% PVA aqueous solution to produce a w/o/w multiple emulsion and was stirred for ∼2.5 h. The produced microspheres were separated, washed and dried. Release of 5-ASA from microspheres was studied in different pHs 1.2, 7.4, 6.8 and 6.8 in the presence of caecal contents of rat. The average size of microspheres was 200 µm. The highest yield efficiency (80%) was seen in medium molecular weight (MW) chitosan with a 1 : 2 core/coat ratio and the greatest loading efficiency (85%) related to the microspheres of the same type of chitosan but with a 1 : 1 core/coat ratio. Decreasing the coat content and increasing chitosan Mw increased the bioadhesion significantly (p < 0.05). Microspheres of chitosan with medium Mw and 1 : 1 core/coat that showed the greatest release of drug (near 80%) in the presence of caecal secretions with a zero-order mechanism, near zero per cent in pH 1.2 after 2 h, max 20% in pH 7.4 after 3 h and near 60% in pH 6.8 after 8 h seem suitable for site-specific delivery of 5-ASA in vitro.