Fuzzy Rules for Events Perception and Emotions in an Agent Architecture

In complex simulations, multi-agents systems allow to model virtual humans with an explicit cognitive process representation. However, this cognitive process is hard to model and is therefore generally simplified in an application-dependant way. In order to improve the realism of individual and collective behavior of these agents, we propose to integrate the perception of events and the computation of agents emotions in a fuzzy framework. The modeling of the perception and its effect on emotions through fuzzy rules enables the agents to consider properly the virtual environment. We show how different kinds of fuzzy rules can help in the calculus of emotions. Computation of emotions is based on the evaluation of events’ occurrence. Once the events are perceived by the agents, our method uses the desirability of these events to compute emotions relevant to crisis situations. We illustrate this model with a traffic simulation example.

[1]  E. H. Mamdani,et al.  An Experiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controller , 1999, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[2]  Joseph E LeDoux Emotion, memory and the brain. , 1994, Scientific American.

[3]  Didier Dubois,et al.  Practical Inference With Systems of Gradual Implicative Rules , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems.

[4]  Didier Dubois,et al.  Implicative and conjunctive fuzzy rules - A tool for reasoning from knowledge and examples , 1999, AAAI/IAAI.

[5]  John Yen,et al.  FLAME—Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotions , 2000, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[6]  Sylvain Piechowiak,et al.  A behavioral multi-agent model for road traffic simulation , 2008, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[7]  W. S. Reilly,et al.  Believable Social and Emotional Agents. , 1996 .

[8]  Christian Eitzinger,et al.  Triangular Norms , 2001, Künstliche Intell..

[9]  G. L. Bon,et al.  Scientific Literature: The Crowd. A Study of the Popular Mind , 1897 .

[10]  Michael N. Huhns,et al.  EBDI: an architecture for emotional agents , 2007, AAMAS '07.

[11]  A. Sloman Beyond Shallow Models of Emotion , 2001 .

[12]  Henri Prade,et al.  What are fuzzy rules and how to use them , 1996, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[13]  H. Van Dyke Parunak,et al.  A model of emotions for situated agents , 2006, AAMAS '06.

[14]  Andrew Ortony,et al.  The Cognitive Structure of Emotions , 1988 .

[15]  Kevin O'Brien,et al.  Human Behavior Models for Agents in Simulators and Games: Part I: Enabling Science with PMFserv , 2006, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[16]  Pengcheng Zhang,et al.  Behavior-based analysis of freeway car-truck interactions and related mitigation strategies , 2005 .

[17]  Mike McDonald,et al.  Car-following: a historical review , 1999 .

[18]  Philippe Coiffet,et al.  Virtual Reality Technology , 2003, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[19]  P. G. Gipps,et al.  A MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF LANE-CHANGING DECISIONS , 1986 .

[20]  P. G. Gipps,et al.  A behavioural car-following model for computer simulation , 1981 .

[21]  Didier Dubois,et al.  Fuzzy rules in knowledge-based systems , 1992 .

[22]  Pattie Maes,et al.  The agent network architecture (ANA) , 1991, SGAR.

[23]  Ebrahim H. Mamdani,et al.  An Experiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controller , 1999, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[24]  Mark Lehto,et al.  A review of: “Virtual Reality Technology” Grigore Burdea and Philippe Coiffet John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994 , 1996 .

[25]  Gnana Bharathy,et al.  Human Behavior Models for Agents in Simulators and Games: Part II: Gamebot Engineering with PMFserv , 2006, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[26]  Mike McDonald,et al.  Fuzzy sets and systems for a motorway microscopic simulation model , 2000, Fuzzy Sets Syst..

[27]  P. Kleinginna,et al.  A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition , 1981 .

[28]  Afsaneh Haddadi,et al.  Belief-desire-intention agent architectures , 1996 .

[29]  Stacy Marsella,et al.  A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion , 2004, Cognitive Systems Research.

[30]  Anand S. Rao,et al.  Modeling Rational Agents within a BDI-Architecture , 1997, KR.