Improving Spatial Abilities by Geometry Education in Augmented Reality-Application and Evaluation Design

In the first part we summarize our development of a system that uses collaborative augmented reality as a medium for teaching, and uses 3D dynamic geometry to facilitate mathematics and geometry education. Geometry education has proven as one powerful means of improving spatial abilities, an important component of human intelligence. A number of training studies have shown the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) in training spatial ability. Our immersive collaborative educational application, specifically developed for geometry education, serves as the basis of a comprehensive evaluation study regarding its efficacy in training spatial abilities. The main contribution of this paper is the description of evaluation design including the test instruments, learning tasks and practical experiences with using our system for actual teaching of high school students. Preliminary results of spatial ability tests in high schools are presented. They point to an interesting aspect of gender differences which has not been reported in literature before.

[1]  H. Stumpf,et al.  A structural analysis of visual spatial ability in academically talented students , 1999 .

[2]  Holger Regenbrecht,et al.  VRAM - a Virtual Reality Aided Modeller , 2000 .

[3]  R. B. Loftin,et al.  Applying virtual reality in education: A prototypical virtual physics laboratory , 1993, Proceedings of 1993 IEEE Research Properties in Virtual Reality Symposium.

[4]  Dieter Schmalstieg,et al.  The Studierstube Augmented Reality Project , 2002, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[5]  Albert A. Rizzo,et al.  The Virtual Reality Mental Rotation Spatial Skills Project , 1998, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[6]  Naokazu Yokoya,et al.  SeamlessDesign for 3D Object Creation , 2000, IEEE Multim..

[7]  D. Lohman Spatial Ability: A Review and Reanalysis of the Correlational Literature. , 1979 .

[8]  Sylvia Fitting,et al.  Spatial Strategy Selection: Interesting Incremental Information , 2003 .

[9]  Dieter Schmalstieg,et al.  Mathematics and geometry education with collaborative augmented reality , 2003, Comput. Graph..

[10]  John T. Bell,et al.  Investigation and application of virtual reality as an educational tool , 1995 .

[11]  Michael C. Pyryt Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor analytic studies , 1998 .

[12]  Ivan Poupyrev,et al.  3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice , 2004 .

[13]  Jack M. Loomis,et al.  Virtual Environments and the Enhancement of Spatial Behavior: Towards a Comprehensive Research Agenda , 2000, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[14]  Mary Hegarty,et al.  A Virtual Environment Testbed for Training Laparoscopic Surgical Skills , 2000, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[15]  G. Gittler,et al.  Difierential Transfer of Learning: Efiects of Instruction in Descriptive Geometry on Spatial Test Performance , 1998 .

[16]  M. Hegarty,et al.  A dissociation between object manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability , 2001, Memory & cognition.

[17]  Christine M. Byrne Water on tap: the use of virtual reality as an educational tool , 1996 .

[18]  Louis Guttman,et al.  A Structural Theory of Spatial Abilities , 1990 .

[19]  Ambjörn Naeve,et al.  CyberMath - Exploring Open Issues in VR-based Learning , 2001, SIGGRAPH 2001.

[20]  S. Vandenberg,et al.  Mental Rotations, a Group Test of Three-Dimensional Spatial Visualization , 1978, Perceptual and motor skills.

[21]  Terry Allard,et al.  Spatial Orientation and Wayfinding in Large-Scale Virtual Spaces: An Introduction , 1998, Presence.

[22]  Jochen Prümper,et al.  Der Benutzungsfragebogen ISONORM 9241/10: Ergebnisse zur Reliabilität und Validität , 1997, Software-Ergonomie.

[23]  Joseph J. LaViola,et al.  A discussion of cybersickness in virtual environments , 2000, SGCH.

[24]  Dieter Schmalstieg,et al.  Construct3D: A Virtual Reality Application for Mathematics and Geometry Education , 2000, Education and Information Technologies.