Synergistic effect of nisin and garlic shoot juice against Listeria monocytogenes in milk.

The aim of this research was to determine the synergistic effect of nisin and garlic shoot juice (GSJ) against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19118 found in whole (3.5%), low (1%) and skim (no fat content) milk. Garlic shoot juice (GSJ) at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% revealed strong and similar patterns of antilisterial effect against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19118 in all categories of milk. Nisin only at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500IU/ml displayed a strong antilisterial effect as compared to the control group. Also, the synergistic combinations of GSJ (2.5%, 5%) and nisin (62.5, 125, 250 and 500IU/ml) had a remarkable antilisterial activity in all categories of whole, low and skim milk after 14 days. Results of this study indicated the synergistic effect of GSJ and nisin as a potential antilisterial agent for the food industry.

[1]  Jhingook Kim,et al.  Effects of allyl sulfur compounds and garlic extract on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 in non small cell lung cancer cell lines , 2000, Experimental & Molecular Medicine.

[2]  M. Linder,et al.  Response Surface Methodology, an approach to predict the effects of a lactoperoxidase system, Nisin, alone or in combination, on Listeria monocytogenes in skim milk , 1999, Journal of applied microbiology.

[3]  T. Brocklehurst,et al.  The effect of pH and temperature on initiation of growth of Listeria monocytogenes , 1988 .

[4]  W. Hammes,et al.  Studies on the mode of action of nisin , 1986 .

[5]  C. Lii,et al.  Effect of the active principle of garlic--diallyl sulfide--on cell viability, detoxification capability and the antioxidation system of primary rat hepatocytes. , 1996, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[6]  Basma Ellahi,et al.  UK National Consensus Conference on plant biotechnology , 1995 .

[7]  M. Doyle,et al.  Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in milk during high-temperature, short-time pasteurization , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  C. Cavallito,et al.  ALLICIN, THE ANTIBACTERIAL PRINCIPLE OF ALLIUM SATIVUM. ISOLATION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION , 1944 .

[9]  J. F. F. Garayzábal,et al.  Listeria monocytogenes dans le lait pasteurisé , 1986 .

[10]  K. Al-Delaimy,et al.  Inhibition of Bacillus cereus by Garlic Extracts. , 1982, Journal of food protection.

[11]  M. Daeschel,et al.  Nisin Resistance of Foodborne Bacteria and the Specific Resistance Responses of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. , 1993, Journal of food protection.

[12]  W. F. Harrigan.  Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety, 2nd edition , 2001 .

[13]  R. Holley,et al.  Interaction of monolaurin, eugenol and sodium citrate on growth of common meat spoilage and pathogenic organisms. , 1998, International journal of food microbiology.

[14]  E. Smid,et al.  Combined action of nisin and carvacrol on Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes , 1999, Letters in applied microbiology.

[15]  B. Sheldon,et al.  Nisin treatment for inactivation of Salmonella species and other gram-negative bacteria , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[16]  D. Fleming,et al.  Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  J. Wimpenny,et al.  Synergist effect of sucrose fatty acid esters on nisin inhibition of Gram‐positive bacteria , 1998, Journal of applied microbiology.

[18]  M. Ghannoum.  Studies on the anticandidal mode of action of Allium sativum (garlic). , 1988, Journal of general microbiology.

[19]  M. B. Liewen,et al.  Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Milk in Nebraska. , 1988, Journal of food protection.

[20]  Martin R. Adams,et al.  Synergistic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by nisin and garlic extract , 2001 .

[21]  G. Gould.  Ecosystem approaches to food preservation. , 1992, Society for Applied Bacteriology symposium series.

[22]  W. Powrie.  Characteristics of edible fluids of animal origin: eggs , 1976 .

[23]  L. Gram,et al.  Carbon Dioxide and Nisin Act Synergistically onListeria monocytogenes , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[24]  L. Shelef,et al.  Factors affecting the antilisterial effects of nisin in milk. , 2004, International journal of food microbiology.

[25]  E. Wills,et al.  Enzyme inhibition by allicin, the active principle of garlic. , 1956, The Biochemical journal.

[26]  M. Daeschel,et al.  Influence of fat and emulsifiers on the efficacy of nisin in inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes in fluid milk. , 1992, Journal of dairy science.

[27]  C. Cutter,et al.  Population Reductions of Gram-Negative Pathogens Following Treatments with Nisin and Chelators under Various Conditions. , 1995, Journal of food protection.

[28]  R. Gebhardt,et al.  Differential inhibitory effects of garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures , 1996, Lipids.

[29]  K. Ettayebi,et al.  Synergistic effects of nisin and thymol on antimicrobial activities in Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis. , 2000, FEMS microbiology letters.

[30]  H. Sahl,et al.  Lantibiotics: biosynthesis and biological activities of uniquely modified peptides from gram-positive bacteria. , 1998, Annual review of microbiology.

[31]  J. Ellner,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin and gentamicin in abusers of intravenous drugs , 1985, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[32]  E. H. Marth,et al.  Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Third Edition , 2007 .

[33]  M. Daeschel,et al.  Correlation of Cellular Phospholipid Content with Nisin Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. , 1995, Journal of food protection.

[34]  R. Brackett,et al.  Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila by plant extracts in refrigerated cooked beef. , 1998, Journal of food protection.

[35]  L. W. Jones.  Effect of butterfat on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by nisin. , 1974, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[36]  Lothar Leistner,et al.  Food preservation by hurdle technology , 1995 .