A resilient packet-forwarding scheme against maliciously packet-dropping nodes in sensor networks

This paper focuses on defending against compromised nodes' dropping of legitimate reports and investigates the misbehavior of a maliciously packet-dropping node in sensor networks. We present a resilient packet-forwarding scheme using Neighbor Watch System (NWS), specifically designed for hop-by-hop reliable delivery in face of malicious nodes that drop relaying packets, as well as faulty nodes that fail to relay packets. Unlike previous work with multipath data forwarding, our scheme basically employs single-path data forwarding, which consumes less power than multipath schemes. As the packet is forwarded along the single-path toward the base station, our scheme, however, converts into multipath data forwarding at the location where NWS detects relaying nodes' misbehavior. Simulation experiments show that, with the help of NWS, our forwarding scheme achieves a high success ratio in face of a large number of packet-dropping nodes, and effectively adjusts its forwarding style, depending on the number of packet-dropping nodes en-route to the base station.

[1]  Cristina Nita-Rotaru,et al.  JANUS: towards robust and malicious resilient routing in hybrid wireless networks , 2004, WiSe '04.

[2]  Songwu Lu,et al.  GRAdient Broadcast: A Robust Data Delivery Protocol for Large Scale Sensor Networks , 2005, Wirel. Networks.

[3]  David E. Culler,et al.  Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[4]  William A. Arbaugh,et al.  Toward resilient security in wireless sensor networks , 2005, MobiHoc '05.

[5]  Dawn Xiaodong Song,et al.  Random key predistribution schemes for sensor networks , 2003, 2003 Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2003..

[6]  J.A. Stankovic,et al.  Denial of Service in Sensor Networks , 2002, Computer.

[7]  Virgil D. Gligor,et al.  A key-management scheme for distributed sensor networks , 2002, CCS '02.

[8]  Yoon-Hwa Choi,et al.  A secure alternate path routing in sensor networks , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[9]  J. Broach,et al.  The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks , 1998 .

[10]  Virgil D. Gligor,et al.  Security of Emergent Properties in Ad-Hoc Networks (Transcript of Discussion) , 2004, Security Protocols Workshop.

[11]  C. Karlof,et al.  Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, 2003..

[12]  Winston Khoon Guan Seah,et al.  A priority-based multi-path routing protocol for sensor networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754).

[13]  Shivakant Mishra,et al.  Defending against path-based DoS attacks in wireless sensor networks , 2005, SASN '05.

[14]  David B. Johnson,et al.  The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2003 .

[15]  Gang Zhou,et al.  Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks , 2004, MobiSys '04.

[16]  Issa M. Khalil,et al.  DICAS: Detection, Diagnosis and Isolation of Control Attacks in Sensor Networks , 2005, First International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communications Networks (SECURECOMM'05).

[17]  Robert Szewczyk,et al.  System architecture directions for networked sensors , 2000, ASPLOS IX.

[18]  Mukesh Singhal,et al.  Security in wireless sensor networks , 2008, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[19]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  ReInForM: reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks , 2003, 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2003. LCN '03. Proceedings..

[20]  David A. Wagner,et al.  TinySec: a link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[21]  Yih-Chun Hu.  Efficient Security Mechanisms for Routing Protocols , 2003 .

[22]  Elaine Shi,et al.  Designing secure sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[23]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002 .

[24]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks , 2001, MOCO.

[25]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  Load balanced, energy-aware communications for Mars sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[26]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[27]  Guohong Cao,et al.  Group rekeying for filtering false data in sensor networks: a predistribution and local collaboration-based approach , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[28]  Sasikanth Avancha,et al.  Security for Sensor Networks , 2004 .

[29]  Haiyun Luo,et al.  Statistical en-route filtering of injected false data in sensor networks , 2005, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[30]  Sushil Jajodia,et al.  An interleaved hop-by-hop authentication scheme for filtering of injected false data in sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2004. Proceedings. 2004.

[31]  Ross J. Anderson,et al.  Key infection: smart trust for smart dust , 2004, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2004. ICNP 2004..

[32]  A. Perrig,et al.  The Sybil attack in sensor networks: analysis & defenses , 2004, Third International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004. IPSN 2004.

[33]  Bruce H. Krogh,et al.  Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks , 2004, MobiSys '04.

[34]  Mary Baker,et al.  Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[35]  Yih-Chun Hu,et al.  SEAD: secure efficient distance vector routing for mobile wireless ad hoc networks , 2002, Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[36]  Richard Han,et al.  Node Compromise in Sensor Networks: The Need for Secure Systems ; CU-CS-990-05 , 2005 .

[37]  Shivakant Mishra,et al.  Intrusion tolerance and anti-traffic analysis strategies for wireless sensor networks , 2004, International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004.

[38]  Di Tian,et al.  Energy efficient routing with guaranteed delivery in wireless sensor networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003..

[39]  Adrian Perrig,et al.  Distributed detection of node replication attacks in sensor networks , 2005, 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P'05).

[40]  Yih-Chun Hu,et al.  Efficient Security Mechanisms for Routing Protocolsa , 2003, NDSS.

[41]  Sencun Zhu,et al.  SDAP: a secure hop-by-Hop data aggregation protocol for sensor networks , 2006, MobiHoc '06.

[42]  Burton H. Bloom,et al.  Space/time trade-offs in hash coding with allowable errors , 1970, CACM.

[43]  Silvio Micali,et al.  How to construct random functions , 1986, JACM.

[44]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[45]  Dawn Song,et al.  SIA: Secure information aggregation in sensor networks , 2007, J. Comput. Secur..

[46]  Shivakant Mishra,et al.  A Performance Evaluation of Intrusion-Tolerant Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2003, IPSN.