CORRIGENDUM: An empirical approach to K-shell ionisation cross section by electrons

The working out of an empirical expression for the cross section for production of atomic K-shell vacancies by electrons is described. The basis is a critical analysis of the existing experimental data. The ranges for which the function is evaluated are 6<or=Z<or=79 and 1<or=U<or=20 (U being the ratio between the incident electron energy and the binding energy of electrons in the K shell). The possible meanings of the various factors present in the expression are examined by comparison with the asymptotic Bethe expression. The results obtained by the empirical function can also be applied to both Z and U intervals even wider than those first considered.

[1]  H. Kolbenstvedt,et al.  SIMPLE THEORY FOR K IONIZATION BY RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS. , 1967 .

[2]  R. L. Ford,et al.  Measurement of Cross Sections for X-Ray Production by High-Energy Electrons , 1970 .

[3]  M. Gryziński,et al.  Classical Theory of Atomic Collisions. I. Theory of Inelastic Collisions , 1965 .

[4]  D. Berényi,et al.  Kα/Kβ X-ray intensity ratios and K-shell ionisation cross sections for bombardment by electrons of 300-600 keV , 1978 .

[5]  W. Lotz.  Electron-impact ionization cross-sections and ionization rate coefficients for atoms and ions from scandium to zinc , 1969 .

[6]  P. Kirkpatrick,et al.  The Probability of K Ionization of Nickel by Electrons as a Function of Their Energy , 1947 .

[7]  C. Quarles,et al.  Inner shell ionization of copper, silver and gold by electron bombardment , 1972 .

[8]  M. Gryziński,et al.  Two-Particle Collisions. II. Coulomb Collisions in the Laboratory System of Coordinates , 1965 .

[9]  I. L. Preiss,et al.  Cross sections for K-shell ionization by 2-MeV-electron impact , 1973 .

[10]  M. Isaacson.  Interaction of 25 keV Electrons with the Nucleic Acid Bases, Adenine, Thymine, and Uracil. II. Inner Shell Excitation and Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections , 1972 .

[11]  E. J. Mcguire.  Scaled electron ionization cross sections in the Born approximation for atoms with Z between 55 and 102 , 1977 .

[12]  D. Davidović,et al.  The K-shell ionization of atoms by relativistic electrons , 1975 .

[13]  W. Hink,et al.  Absolute electron impactK-ionization cross sections of titanium and nickel (≦50 keV) , 1975 .

[14]  H. Perlman.  The Relativistic Theory of K Ionization by Electrons , 1960 .

[15]  W. Lotz,et al.  An empirical formula for the electron-impact ionization cross-section , 1966 .

[16]  D. Berényi,et al.  Inner-shell ionization by electrons in the 300–600 keV region , 1976 .

[17]  E. J. Williams.  Applications of the Method of Impact Parameter in Collisions , 1933 .

[18]  D. Berényi,et al.  K-shell ionization cross sections of Pd, Ag, In and Sn for relativistic electrons , 1977 .

[19]  H. Kolbenstvedt.  Asymptotic expression for K‐shell ionization cross section with electrons , 1975 .

[20]  A. Flammersfeld,et al.  Messung des wirkungsquerschnitts für K-ionisierung durch negatonen- und positonenstoß , 1964 .

[21]  H. Drawin.  Zur spektroskopischen Temperatur- und Dichtemessung von Plasmen bei Abwesenheit thermodynamischen Gleichgewichtes , 1963 .

[22]  E. J. Mcguire.  INELASTIC SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS BY THE ELEMENTS He TO Na. , 1971 .

[23]  Leendert Vriens.  A semi-empirical formula for calculation of absolute cross sections for ionization and excitation of atoms by electrons , 1965 .

[24]  C. R. Worthington,et al.  The Intensity of Emission of Characteristic X-Radiation , 1956 .

[25]  B. Fischer,et al.  Die Intensität der Bremsstrahlung und der charakteristischenK-Röntgenstrahlung dünner Anoden , 1967 .

[26]  W. Lotz,et al.  Electron-impact ionization cross-sections and ionization rate coefficients for atoms and ions from hydrogen to calcium , 1968 .

[27]  A. Arthurs,et al.  The K-shell ionization of atoms by high-energy electrons , 1958, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[28]  H. Bethe.  Bremsformel für Elektronen relativistischer Geschwindigkeit , 1932 .

[29]  Mitio Inokuti,et al.  Inelastic Collisions of Fast Charged Particles with Atoms and Molecules-The Bethe Theory Revisited , 1971 .

[30]  D. Rester,et al.  K-SHELL IONIZATION OF Ag, Sn, AND Au FROM ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT. , 1966 .

[31]  W. Mehlhorn,et al.  A new method for measuring electron impact ionization cross sections of inner shells , 1967 .

[32]  K. Ishii,et al.  Inner-shell ionization by ultrarelativistic electrons , 1977 .

[33]  H. Bethe.  Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch Materie , 1930 .

[34]  D. Hoffmann,et al.  Z and E dependence and scaling behaviour of the K-shell ionization cross section for relativistic electron impact☆ , 1978 .

[35]  Leendert Vriens.  Binary-Encounter Electron-Atom Collision Theory , 1966 .

[36]  C. Quarles.  Semiempirical analysis of electron-induced K-shell ionization , 1976 .

[37]  H. Grünewald.  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Herausgeg. von R. C. Weast. 49. Auflage, The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. 2096 Seiten, geb. DM 89.80 , 1970 .

[38]  R. Egerton.  K-shell ionization cross-sections for use in microanalysis , 1979 .

[39]  M. V. D. Wiel,et al.  Ionization cross sections for electrons (0.6–20 keV) in noble and diatomic gases , 1966 .

[40]  J. Scofield.  K- and L-shell ionization of atoms by relativistic electrons , 1978 .

[41]  R. C. Placious,et al.  K-IONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS , 1964 .

[42]  Cedric J. Powell,et al.  Cross sections for ionization of inner-shell electrons by electrons , 1976 .

[43]  R. W. Fink,et al.  X-Ray Fluorescence Yields, Auger, and Coster-Kronig Transition Probabilities , 1972 .

[44]  W. Newell,et al.  Electron Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Inner Atomic Shells , 1971 .

[45]  W. Lotz.  Electron-impact ionization cross-sections for atoms up to Z=108 , 1970 .

[46]  B. Spicer,et al.  K-shell ionization by relativistic electrons , 1975 .

[47]  Ugo Fano.  Ionizing Collisions of Very Fast Particles and the Dipole Strength of Optical Transitions , 1954 .

[48]  K -Shell-Fluorescence Yield for Carbon and Other Light Elements , 1971 .

[49]  A. Flammersfeld,et al.  Messung des wirkungsquerschnitts für K-ionisierung durch stoss niederenergetischer negatonen und positonen , 1966 .

[50]  B. Jouffrey,et al.  Diffusion inelastique des electrons dans un solide par excitation de niveaux atomiques profonds , 1972 .

[51]  S. J. Thomson.  XLII. Ionization by moving electrified particles , 1912 .

[52]  W. Hink,et al.  Der Wirkungsquerschnitt für die Ionisierung der K-Schale von Aluminium durch Elektronenstoß (3–30 keV) , 1969 .

[53]  H. Tawara,et al.  X-ray emission cross sections and fluorescence yields for light atoms and molecules by electron impact , 1973 .

[54]  M. Rudge,et al.  THE IONIZATION OF HYDROGEN AND OF HYDROGENIC POSITIVE IONS BY ELECTRON IMPACT. Research Paper. , 1966 .

[55]  E. Karlsson,et al.  Hyperfine Interaction for a Cadmium Impurity in Gadolinium Metal , 1971 .

[56]  M. Rudge.  THEORY OF THE IONIZATION OF ATOMS BY ELECTRON IMPACT. , 1968 .

[57]  U. Fano.  Differential Inelastic Scattering of Relativistic Charged Particles , 1956 .