DNA barcoding of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera): results and perspectives

The present study provides a DNA barcode library for the world Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera). This study reports 1031 sequence data of the COI gene DNA barcodes for more than 240 species in four of the five subfamilies of the family Zygaenidae. This is about 20% of the world Zygaenidae species. Our results demonstrate the specificity of the COI gene sequences at the species level in most of the studied Zygaenidae and agree with already established taxonomic opinions. The study confirms the effectiveness of DNA barcoding as a tool for determination of most Zygaenidae species. However, some of the results are contradictory. Some cases of shared barcodes have been found, as well as cases of deep intraspecific sequence divergence in species that are well separated by morphological and biological characters. These cases are discussed in detail. Overall, when combined with morphological and biochemical data, as well as biological and ecological observations, DNA barcoding results can be a useful support for taxonomic decisions.

[1]  S. Birrer,et al.  A DNA barcode reference library for Swiss butterflies and forester moths as a tool for species identification, systematics and conservation , 2018, PloS one.

[2]  K. Franin,et al.  The application of sex pheromone traps for recording the Procridinae fauna (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Croatia , 2018 .

[3]  K. Efetov,et al.  Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) of Thrace Region of Turkey , 2018 .

[4]  K. Efetov,et al.  The Hypothetical Ground Plan of the Zygaenidae, with a Review of the Possible Autapomorphies of the Procridinae and the Description of the Inouelinae Subfam. nov. , 2017, The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society.

[5]  K. Efetov,et al.  Enantiomers of 2-butyl 7Z-dodecenoate are sex attractants for males of Adscita mannii (Lederer, 1853), A. geryon (Hübner, 1813), and Jordanita notata (Zeller, 1847) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) in Italy , 2015 .

[6]  E. Drouet,et al.  Zygaenidae from French Guiana, with a Key to the Narrow-Winged Zygaenidae Genera of the New World , 2015 .

[7]  E. V. Parshkova,et al.  [Sec-butyl ester of dodecenoate: synthesis and attractive properties]. , 2014, Ukrainian biochemical journal.

[8]  A. Hofmann,et al.  Application of two molecular approaches (use of sex attractants and DNA barcoding) allowed to rediscover Zygaenoprocris eberti (Alberti, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae), hitherto known only from the female holotype , 2014 .

[9]  A. Hofmann,et al.  Taxonomic comments on the treatment of the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in volume 3 of Moths of Europe, Zygaenids, Pyralids 1 and Brachodids (2012) , 2014 .

[10]  A. Hofmann,et al.  Evolutionary history of the burnet moth genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data: phylogeny, host–plant association, wing pattern evolution and historical biogeography , 2007 .

[11]  Jeremy R. deWaard,et al.  An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA , 2006 .

[12]  B. Misof,et al.  Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera) , 2006 .

[13]  B. Misof,et al.  Higher phylogeny of zygaenid moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data and the evolution of larval cuticular cavities for chemical defence. , 2006, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

[14]  G. Tarmann.  Zygaenid moths of Australia. A revision of the Australian Zygaenidae (Procridinae: Artonini). , 2005 .

[15]  T. Schmitt,et al.  Low diversity but high differentiation: the population genetics of Aglaope infausta (Zygaenidae: Lepidoptera) , 2004 .

[16]  P. Hebert,et al.  Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species , 2003, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[17]  Jeremy R. deWaard,et al.  Biological identifications through DNA barcodes , 2003, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[18]  K. Efetov,et al.  On the systematic position of Procris fusca Leech , 1999 .

[19]  Christine Woodcock,et al.  Sex Pheromone of Female Vine Bud Moth, Theresimima ampellophaga Comprises (2S)-Butyl (7Z)-Tetradecenoate , 1998, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[20]  K. Efetov,et al.  A revision of Zygaenoprocris Hampson, 1900, a subgenus of Adscita Retzius, 1783 , 1994 .

[21]  V. Nazarov,et al.  On the role of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in pollination of Anacamptis pyramidalis (Orchidaceae) , 1993 .

[22]  C. Naumann,et al.  Das Biospecies-Konzept in seiner Anwendung auf die Gattung Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) , 1984 .

[23]  G. Tarmann.  Generische Revision der amerikanischen Zygaenidae mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Teil 2: Abbildungen , 1984 .

[24]  K. Efetov,et al.  A new synthetic sex attractant for males of "Illiberis (Primilliberis) pruni" Dyar, 1905 (Lepidotera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) , 2018 .

[25]  K. Efetov,et al.  "Thibetana keili" Efetov & Tarmann, a new species of the genus "Thibetana" Efetov & Tarmann, 1995, from Tibet (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae, Artonini) , 2017 .

[26]  K. Efetov,et al.  2-butyl 2-dodecenoate, a new sex attractant for "Jordanita (Tremewania) notata" (Zeller, 1847) and some other Procridinae species (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) , 2016 .

[27]  K. Efetov,et al.  Pseudophacusa multidentata Efetov & Tarmann, a new genus and species of Procridini from Myanmar, China and Laos (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) , 2016 .

[28]  K. Efetov,et al.  New records of Jordanita (Roccia) volgensis (Möschler, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from Siberia (Russia) and Ukraine , 2014 .

[29]  K. Efetov,et al.  ( 2 R )-butyl ( 7 Z )-Dodecenoate , a Main Sex Pheromone Component of Illiberis ( Primilliberis ) pruni Dyar ( Lepidoptera : Zygaenidae : Procridinae ) ? , 2013 .

[30]  K. Efetov,et al.  Illiberis(Alterasvenia) cernyisp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from northern Thailand , 2013 .

[31]  A. Hofmann,et al.  A revised check-list of the genus ZygaenaFabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae), based on the biospecies concept , 2010 .

[32]  K. Efetov.  Illiberis (Hedina) louisi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from China. , 2010 .

[33]  K. Efetov,et al.  The first record of Jordanita (Roccia) volgensis (Möschler, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from the Crimea , 2009 .

[34]  Paul D. N. Hebert,et al.  Assembling DNA Barcodes , 2008 .

[35]  S. Ratnasingham,et al.  BOLD : The Barcode of Life Data System (www.barcodinglife.org) , 2007 .

[36]  T. Schmitt.  Influence of forest and grassland management on the diversity and conservation of butterflies and burnet moths (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae, Zygaenidae) , 2003 .

[37]  B. Alberti.  Über den stammesgeschichtlichen Aufbau der Gattung Zygaena F. und ihrer Vorstufen (Insecta, Lepidoptera) , 1958 .

[38]  B. Alberti.  Über Die Stammesgeschichtliche Gliederung der Zygaenidae Nebst Revision Einiger Gruppen (Insecta, Lepidoptera) , 1954 .