Deterministic multi-mode gates on a scalable photonic quantum computing platform

Quantum computing can be realized with numerous different hardware platforms and computational protocols. A highly promising approach to foster scalability is to apply a photonic platform combined with a measurement-induced quantum information processing protocol where gate operations are realized through optical measurements on a multipartite entangled quantum state---a so-called cluster state [1,2]. Heretofore, a few quantum gates on non-universal or non-scalable cluster states have been realized [3-10], but a full set of gates for universal scalable quantum computing has not been realized. We propose and demonstrate the deterministic implementation of a multi-mode set of measurement-induced quantum gates in a large two-dimensional (2D) optical cluster state using phase-controlled continuous variable quadrature measurements [2,11]. Each gate is simply programmed into the phases of the high-efficiency quadrature measurements which execute the transformations by teleportation through the cluster state. Using these programmable gates, we demonstrate a small quantum circuit consisting of 10 single-mode gates and 2 two-mode gates on a three-mode input state. The demonstrated quantum computing platform operates at the telecom wavelength and is therefore easily network connectable. Moreover, fault-tolerant and universal quantum computing can be realized by increasing the amount of entanglement and combining it with error-correctable Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubits [12-15].

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