Analyzing the relation among energy efficiency,spectrum efficiency,the number of antennas at the base station and cell radius is helpful to the parameter design of the practical communication system. When zero-forcing detector was adopted in the uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output system,the closed-form expression among energy efficiency,the spectrum efficiency,the number of receiving antennas and the cell radius were derived according to the realistic power consumption model. Further,the optimal energy efficiency,corresponding spectrum efficiency and power consumption were deduced based on the closed-form. It is shown that the setting up of rational spectrum efficiency,the deploying of more receiving antennas at the base stations and the shrinking of cell radius are three key measures to enhance the system energy efficiency.