A Saliency based Feature Fusion Model for EEG Emotion Estimation

Among the different modalities to assess emotion, electroencephalogram (EEG), representing the electrical brain activity, achieved motivating results over the last decade. Emotion estimation from EEG could help in the diagnosis or rehabilitation of certain diseases. In this paper, we propose a dual model considering two different representations of EEG feature maps: 1) a sequential based representation of EEG band power, 2) an image-based representation of the feature vectors. We also propose an innovative method to combine the information based on a saliency analysis of the image-based model to promote joint learning of both model parts. The model has been evaluated on four publicly available datasets and achieves similar results to the state-of-the-art approaches. It outperforms results for two of the proposed datasets with a lower standard deviation that reflects higher stability. For sake of reproducibility, the codes and models proposed in this paper are available at https://github.com/VDelv/Emotion-EEG.

[1]  Ana B. Porto-Pazos,et al.  Deep Artificial Neural Networks and Neuromorphic Chips for Big Data Analysis: Pharmaceutical and Bioinformatics Applications , 2016, International journal of molecular sciences.

[2]  Andrzej Cichocki,et al.  EmotionMeter: A Multimodal Framework for Recognizing Human Emotions , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[3]  René Vidal,et al.  Latent Space Sparse Subspace Clustering , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[4]  Lei Wang,et al.  A Novel Bi-Hemispheric Discrepancy Model for EEG Emotion Recognition , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.

[5]  Christian Barillot,et al.  The first MICCAI challenge on PET tumor segmentation , 2018, Medical Image Anal..

[6]  Wenming Zheng,et al.  EEG Emotion Recognition Using Dynamical Graph Convolutional Neural Networks , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

[7]  W. Wasserman,et al.  Genome-wide prediction of cis-regulatory regions using supervised deep learning methods , 2016, BMC Bioinformatics.

[8]  Gernot R. Müller-Putz,et al.  Domain Adaptation Techniques for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition: A Comparative Study on Two Public Datasets , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.

[9]  Bao-Liang Lu,et al.  Investigating Critical Frequency Bands and Channels for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition with Deep Neural Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development.

[10]  Bao-Liang Lu,et al.  Differential entropy feature for EEG-based emotion classification , 2013, 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER).

[11]  Victor S. Lempitsky,et al.  Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagation , 2014, ICML.

[12]  Yongtian He,et al.  Deep learning for electroencephalogram (EEG) classification tasks: a review , 2019, Journal of neural engineering.

[13]  G. Schwartz,et al.  Differential lateralization for positive and negative emotion in the human brain: EEG spectral analysis , 1985, Neuropsychologia.

[14]  Wenming Zheng,et al.  MPED: A Multi-Modal Physiological Emotion Database for Discrete Emotion Recognition , 2019, IEEE Access.

[15]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[16]  S. Muthukumaraswamy High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG/EEG: a review and recommendations , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[17]  Yong Du,et al.  Hierarchical recurrent neural network for skeleton based action recognition , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[18]  Abhishek Das,et al.  Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-Based Localization , 2016, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[19]  Dejing Dou,et al.  A deep learning approach for human behavior prediction with explanations in health social networks: social restricted Boltzmann machine (SRBM+) , 2016, Social Network Analysis and Mining.

[20]  Jeffrey Mark Siskind,et al.  The Perils and Pitfalls of Block Design for EEG Classification Experiments , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[21]  Wenjin Wang,et al.  Insights of 3D Input CNN in EEG-based Emotion Recognition , 2021, 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC).

[22]  Ah-Hwee Tan,et al.  EEG-based Emotion Recognition Using Spatial-Temporal Representation via Bi-GRU , 2020, 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC).

[23]  Thierry Pun,et al.  DEAP: A Database for Emotion Analysis ;Using Physiological Signals , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

[24]  Bao-Liang Lu,et al.  Multimodal emotion recognition using EEG and eye tracking data , 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[25]  Chunyan Miao,et al.  EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Regularized Graph Neural Networks , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

[26]  Tong Zhang,et al.  A Novel Neural Network Model based on Cerebral Hemispheric Asymmetry for EEG Emotion Recognition , 2018, IJCAI.

[27]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Dynamic Routing Between Capsules , 2017, NIPS.

[28]  Mohammed Yeasin,et al.  Learning Representations from EEG with Deep Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Networks , 2015, ICLR.