Social analysis : selected tools and techniques

The first of the four techniques presented in this volume-the focus group-provides a popular and flexible way to meet the first challenge, and guidance on ways to systematize the data received. The Q-sort methodology will not provide as much guidance on how to ask questions. However, it provides a rigorous methodology by which to analyze patterns in the survey data and reveal the mental models of the survey participants. Ethnographic methods provide guidance on all three challenges. The fourth technique-scenario analysis-will enable diverse groups of stakeholders to identify the key drivers of change behind a development process and is particularly useful in translating stakeholders' expressed needs into development strategy. These techniques are four among many in use by the World Bank and other development partners. The methods already in use for development include Rapid Rural Appraisal, Participatory Rural Appraisal, Gender Analysis, Appreciative Inquiry, Systematic Client Consultation, Beneficiary Assessment, and SARAR.

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