Interferential Tear Film Lipid Layer Classification: An Automatic Dry Eye Test

Dry eye is a symptomatic disease which affects a wide range of population and has a negative impact on their daily activities, such as driving or working with computers. Its diagnosis can be achieved by several clinical tests, one of which is the analysis of the interference pattern and its classification into one of the Guillon's categories. The methodologies for automatic classification obtain promising results but at the expense of requiring a long processing time. In this research, feature selection techniques are used to reduce time whilst maintaining performance, paving the way for the development of a novel tool for automatic classification of tear film lipid layer. This tool produces significant classification rates over 96% compared with the annotations of the optometrists and provides unbiased results. Also, it works in real-time and so allows important time savings for the experts.

[1]  Marta Penas,et al.  New Software Application for Clarifying Tear Film Lipid Layer Patterns , 2013, Cornea.

[2]  Beatriz Remeseiro,et al.  Texture and Color Analysis for the Automatic Classification of the Eye Lipid Layer , 2011, IWANN.

[3]  Yukihiro Matsumoto,et al.  Improved functional visual acuity after punctal occlusion in dry eye patients. , 2003, American journal of ophthalmology.

[4]  Masoud Nikravesh,et al.  Feature Extraction - Foundations and Applications , 2006, Feature Extraction.

[5]  J. Guillon,et al.  Non-invasive Tearscope Plus routine for contact lens fitting. , 1998, Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association.

[6]  Mark A. Hall,et al.  Correlation-based Feature Selection for Machine Learning , 2003 .

[7]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  Textural Features for Image Classification , 1973, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[8]  John D Sheppard Guidelines for the treatment of chronic dry eye disease. , 2003, Managed care.

[9]  K R Kenyon,et al.  Increased tear evaporation in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. , 1983, Archives of ophthalmology.

[10]  Murat Dogru,et al.  Smoking associated with damage to the lipid layer of the ocular surface. , 2006, American journal of ophthalmology.

[11]  A. Tomlinson,et al.  Importance of the Lipid Layer in Human Tear Film Stability and Evaporation , 1997, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[12]  P. King-Smith,et al.  Three interferometric methods for measuring the thickness of layers of the tear film. , 1999, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[13]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes , 1990 .

[14]  Beatriz Remeseiro,et al.  Color Texture Analysis for Tear Film Classification: A Preliminary Study , 2010, ICIAR.

[15]  Huan Liu,et al.  Consistency-based search in feature selection , 2003, Artif. Intell..

[16]  BRIAN D. HORE,et al.  Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit , 1977 .

[17]  M. Lemp Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. , 1995, The CLAO journal : official publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc.

[18]  P. J. Murphy,et al.  Changes in the tear film and ocular surface from dry eye syndrome , 2004, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research.

[19]  Beatriz Remeseiro,et al.  Colour Texture Analysis for Classifying the Tear Film Lipid Layer: A Comparative Study , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications.

[20]  John C. Russ,et al.  The image processing handbook (3. ed.) , 1995 .

[21]  Huan Liu,et al.  Searching for Interacting Features , 2007, IJCAI.

[22]  A J Bron,et al.  Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer. , 2004, Experimental eye research.

[23]  S. Pizer,et al.  The Image Processing Handbook , 1994 .

[24]  Beatriz Remeseiro,et al.  Statistical Comparison of Classifiers Applied to the Interferential Tear Film Lipid Layer Automatic Classification , 2012, Comput. Math. Methods Medicine.

[25]  José Antonio Lozano,et al.  Sensitivity Analysis of k-Fold Cross Validation in Prediction Error Estimation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[26]  David A. Clausi,et al.  A fast method to determine co-occurrence texture features , 1998, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[27]  K. Mclaren XIII—The Development of the CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) Uniform Colour Space and Colour‐difference Formula , 2008 .