Translational recognition of the 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine of globin messenger RNA as a function of ionic strength.

The translation of rabbit globin mRNA in cell-free systems derived from either wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte was studied in the presence of various analogues of the methylated 5' terminus (cap) as a function of ionic strength. Inhibition by these analogues was strongly enhanced by increasing concentrations of KCl, K(OAc), Na(OAc), or NH4(OAc). At appropriate concentrations of K(OAc), both cell-free systems were equally sensitive to inhibition by m7GTP. At 50 mM K(OAc), the reticulocyte system was not sensitive to m7GMP or m7GTP, but at higher concentrations up to 200 mM K(OAc), both nucleotides caused strong inhibition. The compound in m7G5'ppp5'Am was inhibitory at all concentrations of K(OAc) ranging from 50 to 200 mM, although more strongly so at the higher concentrations. Over the same range of nucleotide concentrations, the compounds GMP, GTP, and G5'ppp5'Am were not inhibitors. The mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis of the translation product was that of globin at all K(OAc) concentrations in the presence of m7GTP. Globin mRNA from which the terminal m7GTP group had been removed by chemical treatment (periodate-cyclohexylamine-alkaline phosphatase) or enzymatic treatment (tobacco acid pyrophosphatase-alkaline phosphatase) was translated less efficiently than untreated globin mRNA at higher K(OAc) concentrations, but retained appreciable activity at low K(OAc) concentrations.

[1]  W. Filipowicz,et al.  Removal of 5'-terminal m7G from eukaryotic mRNAs by potato nucleotide pyrophosphatase and its effect on translation. , 1977, Nucleic Acids Research.

[2]  C. Baglioni,et al.  5'-Terminal 7-methylguanosine and mRNA function: influence of potassium concentration on translation in vitro. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  A. Pihl,et al.  Translation of enzymically decapped messenger RNA. , 1977, European journal of biochemistry.

[4]  C. Baglioni,et al.  Inhibition of protein synthesis by Cl-. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[5]  P. Douzou,et al.  Ionic regulation in genetic translation systems. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  Aaron J. Shatkin,et al.  5′-Terminal structure and mRNA stability , 1977, Nature.

[7]  H. Lodish,et al.  Relative importance of 7-methylguanosine in ribosome binding and translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA in wheat germ and reticulocyte cell-free systems. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  J. Taylor,et al.  Translation of albumin messenger RNA in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system derived from wheat germ. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  R. E. Lockard,et al.  Nucleotide sequences at the 5′ termini of rabbit α and β globin mRNA , 1976, Cell.

[10]  A. Shatkin.  Capping of eucaryotic mRNAs , 1976, Cell.

[11]  A. Shatkin,et al.  Differential synthesis of blocked and unblocked 5'-termini in reovirus mRNA: effect of pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatase. , 1976, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  B. Griffin.  Eukaryotic mRNA: trouble at the 5′-end , 1976, Nature.

[13]  H. Pelham,et al.  An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. , 1976, European journal of biochemistry.

[14]  P. Kaesberg,et al.  7-Methyl-guanosine and efficiency of RNA translation , 1976, Journal of virology.

[15]  H. Lodish,et al.  Translation in vitro of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA lacking 5′-terminal 7-methylguanosine , 1976, Nature.

[16]  B. Kemper.  Inactivation of parathyroid hormone mRNA by treatment with periodate and aniline , 1976, Nature.

[17]  G. Oakes,et al.  The nature of the 5'-linked 5' nucleotide sequence at the 5' end of rabbit globin messenger ribonucleic acid. , 1976, The Biochemical journal.

[18]  T. Sugimura,et al.  Enzyme cleaving the 5′‐terminal methylated blocked structure of messenger RNA , 1976, FEBS letters.

[19]  R. Stern,et al.  Translation of collagen messenger RNA in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ. , 1976, Biochemistry.

[20]  J. M. Sierra,et al.  mRNA methylation and protein synthesis in extracts from embryos of brine shrimp, Artemia salina. , 1975, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  A. Shatkin,et al.  Ribosome binding to reovirus mRNA in protein synthesis requires 5′ terminal 7-methylguanosine , 1975, Cell.

[22]  T. Jukes.  Mutations in proteins and base changes in condons. , 1975, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[23]  D. Jackson,et al.  Translation of type I and type II procollagen messengers in a cell‐free system derived from wheat germ , 1975, FEBS letters.

[24]  A. J. Shatkin,et al.  5′-Terminal 7-methylguanosine in eukaryotic mRNA is required for translation , 1975, Nature.

[25]  A. Shatkin,et al.  Methylation-dependent translation of viral messenger RNAs in vitro. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  U. K. Laemmli,et al.  Maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. I. DNA packaging events. , 1973, Journal of molecular biology.

[27]  B. Paterson,et al.  Efficient translation of tobacco mosaic virus RNA and rabbit globin 9S RNA in a cell-free system from commercial wheat germ. , 1973, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[28]  J. Lingrel,et al.  Hemoglobin messenger ribonucleic acid. Distribution of the 9S ribonucleic acid in polysomes of different sizes. , 1969, Biochemistry.

[29]  R. Bernstein.  Potassium and sodium balance in mammalian red cells. , 1954, Science.

[30]  C Baglioni,et al.  Inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis by 7-methylguanosine-5'-monophosphate. , 1976, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  R. Rhoads,et al.  [64] Assay of ovalbumin mRNA in reticulocyte lysate , 1974 .