From the Ancient Tribes to Modern Societies, Microalgae Evolution from a Simple Food to an Alternative Fuel Source

Abstract Photosynthesis, the mechanism responsible for O2 evolution on Earth, is also a critical instrument for fuel of the future. Observations on algal biotechnology, and tracing back algae utilization to ancient tribes, give key clues to the development of new-generation biofuels. Microalgae as a promising photosynthetic “farm” have numerous aspects from foods to medicines to biofuels. The starting point of algal biofuels also comes from the awareness of the requirement for a better source. Conventional fossil fuels are argued to be depleting and alternative biofuels are discussed to be competitive and promising in real case leaving possible scenarios. With this knowledge, tracing the historical development of microalgal biofuels in the scope of photosynthesis, production technologies, possible biofuel types, and genetic engineering tools as a relatively new concept have been discussed and highlighted in this chapter. Also the global projects and their contribution to the literature are pointed out to observe logical results for the development of microalgal biofuels.

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