Progress in the Study of False Smut Disease in Rice

Rice false smut disease is an increasing concern for research and production, not only because of the increasing epidemic occurrence in rice production, but also the intriguing specific pathogenesis of the disease to be a unique pathological system to enrich the molecular mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. Progresses have been achieved in the pathogen phylogenetic placement, the alternative hosts, the pathogen morphology and diversity, the toxins generated by false smut balls, the artificial inoculation method, and the pathogen transformation as well as rice resistance to the disease. However, it is still controversy on the infection process. It is not clear how the life cycle of this pathogen is coupled with the disease cycle. This review summarized our current understanding on the pathogen, the pathogenesis, and the rice resistance to the disease. Future work should pay attention to developing a more rapid and effective system to evaluate rice resistance and susceptibility to the disease, screening of rice germplasm for disease-resistance breeding, studying the resistance inheritance, and investigating the molecular mechanism of rice-false smut fungus interaction.

[1]  Ping Li,et al.  Morphological structure of propagules and electrophoretic karyotype analysis of false smut Villosiclava virens in rice , 2012, The Journal of Microbiology.

[2]  Zhen Zhu,et al.  Genetic Analysis of Rice False Smut Resistance Using Mixed Major Genes and Polygenes Inheritance Model , 2008 .

[3]  Ki Woo Kim,et al.  Ultrastructure of spined conidia and hyphae of the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. , 2007, Micron.

[4]  M. Atia.  Rice false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) in Egypt. , 2004 .

[5]  K. Morimoto,et al.  High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ustiloxin A in forage rice silage. , 2009, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[6]  T. Ashizawa,et al.  Detection of Ustilaginoidea virens in rice panicles before and after heading in the field using nested-PCR technique with species-specific primers , 2005 .

[7]  Wang Da-wei.  Research Advance on False Smut of Rice , 2004 .

[8]  T. Sreeramulu,et al.  Periodicity in the air-borne spores of the rice false smut fungus, Ustilaginoidea virens , 1966 .

[9]  Y. Koiso,et al.  Ustiloxin: a phytotoxin and a mycotoxin from false smuth balls on rice panicles , 1992 .

[10]  Longfu Zhu,et al.  Genetic Diversity of Rice False Smut Fungus, Ustilaginoidea virens and its Pronounced Differentiation of Populations in North China , 2008 .

[11]  D. Groth,et al.  Outbreak of False Smut of Rice in Louisiana. , 2000, Plant disease.

[12]  Y. Xu,et al.  Elucidation of the infection process of Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens) in rice spikelets , 2013 .

[13]  Xunzhe Yang,et al.  Characterising the pathogenicity diversity of Ustilaginoidea virens in hybrid rice in China. , 2009 .

[14]  Z. Jun.  Inoculation techniques used for inducing Rice false smut efficiently , 2004 .

[15]  H. Koga,et al.  Simple transformation of the rice false smut fungus Villosiclava virens by electroporation of intact conidia , 2011 .

[16]  Mami Takahashi,et al.  A refined inoculation method to evaluate false smut resistance in rice , 2010, Journal of General Plant Pathology.

[17]  B. C. Viraktamath,et al.  Isolation and characterization of Ustilaginoidea virens and survey of false smut disease of rice in India , 2012, Phytoparasitica.

[18]  Shu Wang,et al.  Sporulation, Inoculation Methods and Pathogenicity of Ustilaginoidea albicans, the Cause of White Rice False Smut in China , 2008 .

[19]  H. Ikegami.  Studies on the false smut of rice , 1962 .

[20]  H Yaegashi,et al.  "Lupinosis"-like lesions in mice caused by ustiloxin, produced by Ustilaginoieda virens: a morphological study. , 1994, Natural toxins.

[21]  Toshiyuki Kimura,et al.  Difference in Resistance to False Smut Disease between Rice Cultivars in Aomori Prefecture , 2006 .

[22]  K. Kjer,et al.  Phylogenetic placement of the anamorphic tribe Ustilaginoideae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) , 2004, Mycologia.

[23]  M. Joullié,et al.  A convergent total synthesis of ustiloxin D via an unprecedented copper-catalyzed ethynyl aziridine ring-opening by phenol derivatives. , 2005, Organic letters.

[24]  C. Tanaka,et al.  Phylogenetic study of clavicipitaceous fungi using acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene sequences , 2008, Mycoscience.

[25]  Jonathan D. G. Jones,et al.  The plant immune system , 2006, Nature.

[26]  R. Sonoda,et al.  Inoculation with Conidiospores of False Smut Fungus to Rice Panicles at the Booting Stage , 1989 .

[27]  Y. Koiso,et al.  Ustiloxins, new antimitotic cyclic peptides: interaction with porcine brain tubulin. , 1995, Biochemical pharmacology.

[28]  Y. Koiso,et al.  Ustiloxins, antimitotic cyclic peptides from false smut balls on rice panicles caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. , 1994, The Journal of antibiotics.

[29]  H. Abbas,et al.  First Report of False Smut of Corn (Zea mays) in the Mississippi Delta. , 2002, Plant disease.

[30]  Y. Koiso,et al.  Interaction of ustiloxin A with bovine brain tubulin. , 1994, Biochemical pharmacology.