Opinion: the species problem, can we achieve a universal concept?

One of the so called 'species problems' is that no universal concept exists. There is a tendency among microbiologists to criticize the hitherto devised concept. It is considered by some researchers as being too conservative and not suitable to be compared with those for eukaryotes. However, such problem is not only restricted to prokaryotes, but among other taxonomies comparisons seem to be impossible. As it is argued, the underlying cause to this problem is the reductionistic and monistic use of taxonomy. Analyzing the more than 22 devised concepts it seems possible to achieve a universal species concept. However, this might not be pragmatic. For the time being, a pluralistic sense of the species concept might be accepted, and one will have to recognize that any comparison among different taxonomies will be difficult.

[1]  D. Hull Philosophy and biology , 1982 .

[2]  O. Kandler,et al.  International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology: announcement of the report of the ad hoc Committee on Reconciliation of Approaches to Bacterial Systematics. , 1987, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology.

[3]  R. Rosselló-Móra,et al.  Taxonomic Note: A Pragmatic Approach to the Nomenclature of Phenotypically Similar Genomic Groups , 1995 .

[4]  P. de Vos,et al.  Polyphasic Taxonomy , a Consensus Approach to Bacterial Systematics , 1996 .

[5]  R. Amann,et al.  The species concept for prokaryotes. , 2013, FEMS microbiology reviews.

[6]  Brent D. Mishler,et al.  Species Concepts: A Case for Pluralism , 1982 .

[7]  J. E. Olsen,et al.  Is characterization of a single isolate sufficient for valid publication of a new genus or species? Proposal to modify recommendation 30b of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). , 2001, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology.

[8]  W. Whitman,et al.  Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology. , 2002, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology.

[9]  J. Hey,et al.  The mind of the species problem. , 2001, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[10]  Elizabeth Pennisi,et al.  Linnaeus's Last Stand? , 2001, Science.

[11]  Claude Lévi-Strauss,et al.  Myth and Meaning , 1978 .

[12]  P. Reeves,et al.  Intraspecies variation in bacterial genomes: the need for a species genome concept. , 2000, Trends in microbiology.

[13]  James Mallet,et al.  Taxonomy: renaissance or Tower of Babel? , 2003 .

[14]  W. Doolittle,et al.  Microbial genomes: dealing with diversity. , 2001, Current opinion in microbiology.

[15]  E. Wilson The encyclopedia of life , 2003 .

[16]  M. Madigan,et al.  Brock Biology of Microorganisms , 1996 .

[17]  Erko Stackebrandt,et al.  Taxonomic Note: A Place for DNA-DNA Reassociation and 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis in the Present Species Definition in Bacteriology , 1994 .

[18]  J Mallet,et al.  A species definition for the modern synthesis. , 1995, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[19]  K. Niklas Taxing Debate for Taxonomists , 2001, Science.

[20]  H. Dawah,et al.  Species :the units of biodiversity , 1997 .

[21]  W. Whitman,et al.  Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  G. Fløistad Contemporary Philosophy, a New Survey , 1981 .