Combined High Dose and Temperature Radiation Effects on Multimode Silica-Based Optical Fibers

We investigate the response of Ge-doped, P-doped, pure-silica, or Fluorine-doped fibers to extreme environments combining doses up to MGy(SiO 2) level of 10 keV X-rays and temperatures between 25 °C and 300 °C. First, we evaluate their potential to serve either as parts of radiation tolerant optical or optoelectronic systems or at the opposite, for the most sensitive ones, as punctual or distributed dosimeters. Second, we improve our knowledge on combined ionizing radiations and temperature (R&T) effects on radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) by measuring the RIA spectra in the ultraviolet and visible domains varying the R&T conditions. Our results reveal the complex response of the tested fibers in such mixed environments. Increasing the temperature of irradiation increases or decreases the RIA values measured at 25 °C or sometimes has no impact at all. Furthermore, R&T effects are time dependent giving an impact of the temperature on RIA that evolves with the time of irradiation. The two observed transient and stationary regimes of temperature influence will make it very difficult to evaluate sensor vulnerability or the efficiency of hardening approaches without extensive test campaigns.

[1]  S. Coenen,et al.  SCK/spl middot/CEN gamma irradiation facilities for radiation tolerance assessment , 2002, IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop.

[2]  R. Boscaino,et al.  Intrinsic generation of OH groups in dry silicon dioxide upon thermal treatments , 2008 .

[3]  Angel Ibarra,et al.  Thermal stability of gamma irradiation induced defects for different fused silica , 2011 .

[4]  K. Aikawa,et al.  Radiation Tolerant Optical Fibers: From Sample Testing to Large Series Production , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[5]  David L. Griscom,et al.  Trapped-electron centers in pure and doped glassy silica: A review and synthesis , 2011 .

[6]  Youcef Ouerdane,et al.  Gamma-rays and pulsed X-ray radiation responses of nitrogen-, germanium-doped and pure silica core optical fibers , 2004 .

[7]  M. Cannas,et al.  Influence of the Manufacturing Process on the Radiation Sensitivity of Fluorine-Doped Silica-Based Optical Fibers , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[8]  Fernando Mota,et al.  Thermal stability of neutron irradiation effects on KU1 fused silica , 2008 .

[9]  David L. Griscom,et al.  γ‐ray‐induced optical attenuation in Ge‐doped‐silica fiber image guides , 1995 .

[10]  D. Griscom.  Characterization of three E'-center variants in X- and γ-irradiated high purity a-SiO2 , 1984 .

[11]  S. Girard,et al.  Influence of Drawing Conditions on the Properties and Radiation Sensitivities of Pure-Silica-Core Optical Fibers , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  O. Faynot,et al.  Investigations on the Vulnerability of Advanced CMOS Technologies to MGy Dose Environments , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[13]  S. Girard,et al.  Transient and Steady State Radiation Responses of Solarization-Resistant Optical Fibers , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[14]  R. Boscaino,et al.  Role of H 2 O in the thermal annealing of the E γ ' center in amorphous silicon dioxide , 2009 .

[15]  Youcef Ouerdane,et al.  Feasibility of radiation dosimetry with phosphorus-doped optical fibers in the ultraviolet and visible domain , 2011 .

[16]  V. B. Neustruev,et al.  Colour centres in germanosilicate glass and optical fibres , 1994 .

[17]  P. D. Morgan,et al.  Radiation effects on heated optical fibers , 1997 .

[18]  S. Agnello,et al.  Thermal stability of gamma-irradiation-induced oxygen-deficient centers in silica , 2006 .

[19]  D. Griscom.  On the natures of radiation-induced point defects in GeO 2 -SiO 2 glasses: reevaluation of a 26-year-old ESR and optical data set , 2011 .

[20]  Youcef Ouerdane,et al.  High γ-ray dose radiation effects on the performances of Brillouin scattering based optical fiber sensors. , 2012, Optics express.

[21]  M. Cannas,et al.  Evolution of photo-induced defects in Ge-doped fiber/preform: influence of the drawing. , 2011, Optics express.

[22]  Benoît Brichard.  Systèmes à fibres optiques pour infrastructures nucléaires : du durcissement aux radiations à l'application , 2008 .

[23]  S. Girard,et al.  Radiation-induced defects in fluorine-doped silica-based optical fibers: Influence of a pre-loading with H2 , 2009 .

[24]  J. Baggio,et al.  Radiation effects of 14 MeV neutrons on germanosilicate and phosphorus-doped multimode optical fibers , 2007 .

[25]  V. B. Neustruev,et al.  Effects of exposure to photons of various energies on transmission of germanosilicate optical fiber in the visible to near IR spectral range , 1994 .

[26]  J. Baggio,et al.  14-MeV Neutron, $\gamma$-Ray, and Pulsed X-Ray Radiation-Induced Effects on Multimode Silica-Based Optical Fibers , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[27]  David L. Griscom,et al.  /spl gamma/-ray-induced optical attenuation in Ge-doped-silica fiber image guides , 1995, Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems.

[28]  A. L. Tomashuk,et al.  Comparison of Gamma-Radiation Induced Attenuation in Al-Doped, P-Doped and Ge-Doped Fibres for Dosimetry , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[29]  J. Baggio,et al.  Radiation Effects on Silica-Based Preforms and Optical Fibers—I: Experimental Study With Canonical Samples , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[30]  F. Gelardi,et al.  Properties and generation by irradiation of germanium point defects in Ge-doped silica , 2012 .

[31]  S. Girard,et al.  Radiation Effects on Silica-Based Optical Fibers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[32]  B. Brichard,et al.  High level gamma and neutron irradiation of silica optical fibers in CEA OSIRIS nuclear reactor , 2007, 2007 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems.

[33]  Liang Chen,et al.  Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors , 2012, Sensors.

[34]  E. J. Friebele,et al.  Fundamental defect centers in glass: Electron spin resonance and optical absorption studies of irradiated phosphorus‐doped silica glass and optical fibers , 1983 .

[35]  R. Boscaino,et al.  Optical properties of phosphorus-related point defects in silica fiber preforms , 2009 .

[36]  S. Girard,et al.  Properties of phosphorus-related defects induced by γ-rays and pulsed X-ray irradiation in germanosilicate optical fibers , 2003 .

[37]  H. Henschel,et al.  Optical fibres as radiation dosimeters , 1992 .

[38]  P. Paillet,et al.  Radiation Effects on Silica-Based Preforms and Optical Fibers-II: Coupling Ab initio Simulations and Experiments , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[39]  David L. Griscom,et al.  Defect structure of glasses: Some outstanding questions in regard to vitreous silica , 1985 .