Modification of insoluble dietary fibres in soya bean okara and their physicochemical properties

Summary The changes in physicochemical and physiological properties of modified soluble dietary fibre (mSDF) in the okara using enzymatic [cellulase/substrates ratio of 2.0–6.0% (w/w) at 50 °C for 90–150 min], chemical [water bath of 1–3 h, water bath temperature of 50–90 °C, Na2HPO4 concentration of 0.1–0.9% and sample/reagent radio (S/R) of 1:40–1:60 (w/v)] and physical (homogenised once or twice under the optimal cellulase treatment condition) treatments were evaluated. The mSDF yield with chemical treatment (57.16%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of physical treatment [homogenisation once (16.54%) or twice (42.02%)] in combination with cellulase treatment. All treatments improved swelling capacity of mSDF and promoted bile acid- and cholesterol-absorption capacity, but enzymatic and chemical treatments decreased the total reducing power of mSDF, except homogenisation-cellulase treatment (141.74 μm TE g−1). Therefore, homogenisation-cellulase treatment may be the appropriate method to improve the SDF proportion and ameliorate the functionality of okara.

[1]  M. Hendrickx,et al.  High pressure homogenization followed by thermal processing of tomato pulp: influence on microstructure and lycopene in vitro bioaccessibility. , 2010 .

[2]  A. Jablonski,et al.  Dietary fiber from orange byproducts as a potential fat replacer , 2013 .

[3]  V. Fogliano,et al.  Potential prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic conversion of durum wheat insoluble dietary fibre into soluble dietary fibre. , 2009, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

[4]  Inmaculada Mateos-Aparicio,et al.  High hydrostatic pressure improves the functionality of dietary fibre in okara by-product from soybean , 2010 .

[5]  R. Tharanathan,et al.  Dietary fiber from coconut residue: effects of different treatments and particle size on the hydration properties , 2004 .

[6]  C. Chau,et al.  Effects of micronisation on the characteristics and physicochemical properties of insoluble fibres , 2006 .

[7]  Y. Jing,et al.  Effects of twin-screw extrusion on soluble dietary fibre and physicochemical properties of soybean residue. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[8]  K. Park,et al.  Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of barley dietary fiber by chemical modification. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[9]  Li Cao,et al.  Effects of dietary wheat bran arabinoxylans on cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolemic hamsters. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[10]  Hongshun Yang,et al.  Impact of far-infrared radiation-assisted heat pump drying on chemical compositions and physical properties of squid (Illex illecebrosus) fillets , 2011 .

[11]  K. Mitropoulos,et al.  Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. , 1977, Journal of lipid research.

[12]  Wei Liu,et al.  Effects of micronized okara dietary fiber on cecal microbiota, serum cholesterol and lipid levels in BALB/c mice , 2013, International journal of food sciences and nutrition.

[13]  Athapol Noomhorm,et al.  Effect of particle sizes on functional properties of dietary fibre prepared from sugarcane bagasse , 2003 .

[14]  Amir Pourfarzad,et al.  Coffee silverskin as a source of dietary fiber in bread-making: Optimization of chemical treatment using response surface methodology , 2013 .

[15]  R. Chawla,et al.  Soluble Dietary Fiber , 2010 .

[16]  Ning Zhang,et al.  Novel blasting extrusion processing improved the physicochemical properties of soluble dietary fiber from soybean residue and in vivo evaluation , 2014 .

[17]  M. Stewart,et al.  Dietary treatments for childhood constipation: efficacy of dietary fiber and whole grains. , 2013, Nutrition reviews.

[18]  L. Goya,et al.  Effect of grape antioxidant dietary fiber on the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats , 2003 .

[19]  J. Viikari,et al.  Dietary fiber does not displace energy but is associated with decreased serum cholesterol concentrations in healthy children. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[20]  I. Undeland,et al.  Inhibition of hemoglobin-mediated oxidation of regular and lipid-fortified washed cod mince by a white grape dietary fiber. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[21]  Prachi Gupta,et al.  Effect of particle size reduction on physicochemical properties of ashgourd (Benincasa hispida) and radish (Raphanus sativus) fibres , 2010, International journal of food sciences and nutrition.

[22]  A. Andoh,et al.  Physiological and anti-inflammatory roles of dietary fiber and butyrate in intestinal functions. , 1999, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[23]  F. Saura-calixto,et al.  Antioxidant Dietary Fiber Product: A New Concept and a Potential Food Ingredient , 1998 .

[24]  M. A. Lasunción,et al.  The effects of okara on rat growth, cecal fermentation, and serum lipids , 2007 .

[25]  S. Ou,et al.  In vitro binding capacities of three dietary fibers and their mixture for four toxic elements, cholesterol, and bile acid. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[26]  Hamid Rezā,et al.  Screening of Bile Acid Binding Capacity of Some Synthetic Dietary Fiber , 2013 .

[27]  Min Zhang,et al.  Extrusion process improves the functionality of soluble dietary fiber in oat bran , 2011 .

[28]  J. Nsor-Atindana,et al.  In vitro hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects of dietary fiber prepared from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) shells. , 2012, Food & function.

[29]  T. R. Licht,et al.  Maximal release of highly bifidogenic soluble dietary fibers from industrial potato pulp by minimal enzymatic treatment , 2011, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[30]  E. Flöter,et al.  Impact of high pressure homogenization modification of a cellulose based fiber product on water binding properties , 2014 .

[31]  O. Ikkala,et al.  Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogenization for nanoscale cellulose fibrils and strong gels. , 2007, Biomacromolecules.

[32]  M. Nyman,et al.  On the possibility of using high pressure treatment to modify physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) , 2004 .

[33]  R. Ruan,et al.  Process for increasing soluble dietary fiber content of soybean meals , 2007 .

[34]  S. Nie,et al.  High pressure homogenization increases antioxidant capacity and short-chain fatty acid yield of polysaccharide from seeds of Plantago asiatica L. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[35]  E. Nyman,et al.  Modification of physicochemical properties of dietary fibre in carrots by mono- and divalent cations , 2002 .