Adaptiveness and Ecology of Echolocation in Terrestrial (Aerial) Systems

There are two clearly defined approaches to echolocation by terrestrial (aerial) animals based on the types of orientation sounds they use, namely broadband clicks or structured (time — frequency) calls that may be either broadband or narrowband. The broadband clicks are usually produced in pairs (Buchler and Mitz, this volume) and are associated with the location of obstacles in the paths of the echolocators, while the structured calls are used to identify specific features about the target and its position. To date, the only terrestrial animals that are known to use structured calls are bats in the suborder Microchiroptera; all other terrestrial echolocators, including the Megachiroptera, use broadband clicks (Table 1).

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