Regulation of division of labor in insect societies.

Division of labor is fundamental to the organization of insect societies and is thought to be one of the principal factors in their ecological success (174). Division of labor in insect colonies is characterized by two features: (a) different activities are performed simultaneously by (b) groups of specialized individuals, which is assumed to be more efficient than if tasks are performed sequentially by unspecialized individuals (55, 56, 93, 106; but see 37). A key feature of the division of labor in insect colonies is its plasticity. Colonies respond to changing internal and external conditions by adjusting the ratios of individual workers engaged in the various tasks. This is accomplished in large part via the behavioral flexibility of the individual workers themselves. Worker behavioral flexibility contributes to the reproductive success of a colony by enabling it to continue to grow, develop, and ultimately produce a new generation of reproductive males and females despite changing colony conditions. Sensitivity to change within a structured labor system is important to social organization, but only now are we beginning to understand this concept. The

[1]  H. L. Nixon,et al.  Food transmission within the honeybee community , 1952, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[2]  S. Sakagami.  Untersuchungen uber die Arbeitsteilung in einen Zwergvolk der Honigbienen. Beitrage zur Biologie des Bienenvolkes, Apis mellifera L., I , 1953 .

[3]  Some Observations on the Pollen Foraging Activities of the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L. (Preliminary Report) (With 2 Text-figures) , 1960 .

[4]  J. Free,et al.  The allocation of duties among worker honeybees , 1964 .

[5]  Honey Bee Foraging Behavior: Responses to Queens, Larvae, and Extracts of Larvae , 1970 .

[6]  E. Wilson.  The Insect Societies , 1974 .

[7]  Charles D. Michener,et al.  Bee Societies. (Book Reviews: The Social Behavior of the Bees. A Comparative Study) , 1974 .

[8]  E. R. Jaycox,et al.  Behavioral Changes in Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Induced by Injections of a Juvenile Hormone Mimic , 1974 .

[9]  S. Tobe,et al.  Juvenile hormones radiobiosynthesised by corpora allata of adult female locusts in vitro. , 1974, Life sciences.

[10]  J. L. Gould.  Honey bee communication , 1974, Nature.

[11]  N. Strausfeld.  Atlas of an Insect Brain , 1976, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[12]  P. Consul,et al.  Conditions for genetic polymorphism in social hymentopera under selection at the colony level. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[13]  M. Breed,et al.  Behavioral Control of Workers by Queens in Primitively Eusocial Bees , 1977, Science.

[14]  H. Topoff,et al.  Precocial behaviour of callow workers of the army ant Neivamyrmex nigrescens: Importance of stimulation by adults during mass recruitment , 1978, Animal Behaviour.

[15]  E. Wilson,et al.  Caste and ecology in the social insects. , 1979, Monographs in population biology.

[16]  L. Riddiford,et al.  SIGNIFICANCE OF HAEMOLYMPH JUVENILE HORMONE TITER CHANGES IN TIMING OF MIGRATION AND REPRODUCTION IN ADULT ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS , 1978 .

[17]  T. Seeley,et al.  THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FLIGHT OF HONEY BEE SWARMS , 1979 .

[18]  Managing honeybee colonies to enhance the pollen-gathering stimulus from brood pheromones , 1979 .

[19]  R. Jeanne.  Evolution of Social Behavior in the Vespidae , 1980 .

[20]  T. Rinderer,et al.  A Model of Honeybee Defensive Behaviour , 1980 .

[21]  S. Vinson,et al.  Division of labour and specification of castes in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta buren , 1981, Animal Behaviour.

[22]  H. Wille,et al.  Changes in weight of the pharyngeal gland and haemolymph titres of juvenile hormone, protein and vitellogenin in worker honey bees , 1982 .

[23]  R. Metcalf,et al.  Multiple Mating, Sperm Utilization, and Social Evolution , 1982, The American Naturalist.

[24]  C. Lumsden.  The social regulation of physical caste: the superorganism revived , 1982 .

[25]  J. E. Lloyd.  Bioluminescence and Communication in Insects , 1983 .

[26]  Michael Cunningham,et al.  Social organization in Leptothorax longispinosus Mayr , 1983, Animal Behaviour.

[27]  Charles J. Lumsden,et al.  Ritualized combat and intercolony communication in ants , 1983 .

[28]  P. Kirk Visscher,et al.  The honey bee way of death: Necrophoric behaviour in Apis mellifera colonies , 1983, Animal Behaviour.

[29]  S. Vinson,et al.  Behaviour of worker subcastes in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in response to proteinaceous food , 1983 .

[30]  M. Sar.  Estradiol is concentrated in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons of the hypothalamus. , 1984, Science.

[31]  H. Nijhout,et al.  Soldier determination in Pheidole bicarinata: Inhibition by adult soldiers , 1984 .

[32]  S. Vinson,et al.  Behavioral flexibility of temporal subcastes in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in response to food , 1984 .

[33]  H. Topoff,et al.  Social regulation of behavioral development in the ant, Novomessor albisetosus (Mayr). , 1985 .

[34]  E. Wilson,et al.  Correlates of variation in the major/minor ratio of the ant, Pheidole dentata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) , 1985 .

[35]  L. Riddiford.  2 – Hormone Action at the Cellular Level , 1985 .

[36]  Mark L. Winston,et al.  The effect of worker loss on temporal caste structure in colonies of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) , 1985 .

[37]  E O Wilson,et al.  The Sociogenesis of Insect Colonies , 1985, Science.

[38]  G. Robinson.  Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue on honey bee foraging behaviour and alarm pheromone production , 1985 .

[39]  Deborah M. Gordon,et al.  The dynamics of the daily round of the harvester ant colony (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) , 1986, Animal Behaviour.

[40]  M. Minsky.  The Society of Mind , 1986 .

[41]  Robin E. Owen,et al.  Colony-level selection in the social insects: Single locus additive and nonadditive models , 1986 .

[42]  R. Page.  Sperm Utilization in Social Insects , 1986 .

[43]  J. Stamps,et al.  The vibration dance of the honey bee. II. The effects of foraging success on daily patterns of vibration activity , 1986, Animal Behaviour.

[44]  William C. Wimsatt,et al.  Generative Entrenchment and Evolution , 1986, PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association.

[45]  Diana E. Wheeler,et al.  Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Caste in Social Hymenoptera: Evolutionary Implications , 1986, The American Naturalist.

[46]  P. O’Farrell,et al.  Spatial programming of gene expression in early Drosophila embryogenesis. , 1986, Annual review of cell biology.

[47]  J. Stamps,et al.  The vibration dance of the honey bee. I. Communication regulating foraging on two time scales , 1986, Animal Behaviour.

[48]  W. J. Bell,et al.  Seasonal adaptations of insects. , 1987 .

[49]  J. Stamps,et al.  A Test of Optimal Caste Ratio Theory Using the Ant Camponotus (Colobopsis) Impressus , 1986 .

[50]  Do water foragers pace nest construction activity in Polybia occidentalis , 1987 .

[51]  Gene E. Robinson,et al.  Induction of Premature Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Flight by Juvenile Hormone Analogs Administered Orally or Topically , 1987 .

[52]  Social and individual responses to environmental factors in ants , 1987 .

[53]  G. Robinson.  Hormonal Regulation of Age Polyethism in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera , 1987 .

[54]  D. Fresneau,et al.  Social regulation in ponerine ants , 1987 .

[55]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  Factors determining polyethism in social insects , 1987 .

[56]  A. J. Moore,et al.  The guard honey bee: ontogeny and behavioural variability of workers performing a specialized task , 1987, Animal Behaviour.

[57]  H. Reeve,et al.  Queen regulation of worker foraging in paper wasps: a social feedback control system (Polistes fuscatus, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) , 1987 .

[58]  S A Kauffman,et al.  Developmental logic and its evolution. , 1987, BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

[59]  G. Robinson,et al.  Juvenile hormone titers in European and Africanized honey bees in Brazil. , 1987, General and comparative endocrinology.

[60]  M. Winston.  The Biology of the Honey Bee , 1987 .

[61]  Deborah M. Gordon,et al.  Group-level dynamics in harvester ants: young colonies and the role of patrolling , 1987, Animal Behaviour.

[62]  T. Seeley,et al.  Parasites, Pathogens, and Polyandry in Social Hymenoptera , 1988, The American Naturalist.

[63]  Robert E. Page,et al.  Genetic determination of guarding and undertaking in honey-bee colonies , 1988, Nature.

[64]  E. Wilson,et al.  Dense heterarchies and mass communication as the basis of organization in ant colonies. , 1988, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[65]  R. Jeanne,et al.  Interindividual Behavioral Variability in Social Insects , 1988 .

[66]  P. Frumhoff,et al.  A genetic component to division of labour within honey bee colonies , 1988, Nature.

[67]  G. L. Miklos,et al.  The Eukaryote Genome in Development and Evolution , 1987, Springer Netherlands.

[68]  H. H. Laidlaw,et al.  Full sisters and super sisters: a terminological paradigm , 1988, Animal Behaviour.

[69]  Professor Dr. Friedrich Ruttner.  Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees , 1987, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[70]  J. Bonner.  The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection , 1988 .

[71]  M. Winston,et al.  The influence of wax deprivation on temporal polyethism in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies , 1988 .

[72]  G. Robinson,et al.  Genetic basis for division of labor in an insect society , 1989 .

[73]  G. Robinson,et al.  Hormonal and Genetic Control of Behavioral Integration in Honey Bee Colonies , 1989, Science.

[74]  Deborah M. Gordon,et al.  Dynamics of task switching in harvester ants , 1989, Animal Behaviour.

[75]  G. Robinson,et al.  Genetic specialists, kin recognition and nepotism in honey-bee colonies , 1989, Nature.

[76]  Robert E. Page,et al.  Genetic variability for temporal polyethism in colonies consisting of similarly-aged worker honey bees , 1989 .

[77]  Wolfgang Driever,et al.  Determination of spatial domains of zygotic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo by the affinity of binding sites for the bicoid morphogen , 1989, Nature.

[78]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  Colony size, communication and ant foraging strategy , 1989 .

[79]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  Collective patterns and decision-making , 1989 .

[80]  C. Noirot.  Social structure in termite societies , 1989 .

[81]  T. Seeley.  The honey bee colony as a superorganism. , 1989 .

[82]  E. Sober,et al.  Reviving the superorganism. , 1989, Journal of theoretical biology.

[83]  Robert E. Page,et al.  Self Organization and Adaptation in Insect Societies , 1990, PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association.

[84]  Paul Schmid-Hempel,et al.  Reproductive Competition and the Evolution of Work Load in Social Insects , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[85]  M. Winston,et al.  Effects of Package Production on Temporal Caste Polyethism in the Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) , 1990 .

[86]  G. Robinson,et al.  Juvenile hormone does not affect division of labor in bumble bee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). , 1990 .

[87]  D. Wheeler.  The Developmental Basis of Worker Caste Polymorphism in Ants , 1991, The American Naturalist.

[88]  R. E. Page,et al.  The Genetics of Division of Labour in Honey Bee Colonies , 1991 .

[89]  Deborah M. Gordon,et al.  Behavioral Flexibility and the Foraging Ecology of Seed-Eating Ants , 1991, The American Naturalist.

[90]  Gene E. Robinson,et al.  Hormonal regulation of behavioural development in the honey bee is based on changes in the rate of juvenile hormone biosynthesis , 1991 .

[91]  Guy Theraulaz,et al.  Task differentiation in Polistes wasp colonies: a model for self-organizing groups of robots , 1991 .

[92]  Genotypic variability for rates of behavioral development in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) , 1992 .

[93]  H. Kern Reeve,et al.  Conflict in single-queen hymenopteran societies : the structure of conflict and processes that reduce conflict in advanced eusocial species , 1992 .