The Origin of First Impressions

Four face overgeneralization hypotheses are offered to explain consensual first impressions of faces. These hypotheses hold that the psychological qualities that are accurately revealed by the func...

[1]  Steven W. Gangestad,et al.  Pathogen prevalence and human mate preferences , 1993 .

[2]  Pawel Lewicki,et al.  The role of learned inferential encoding rules in the perception of faces: Effects of nonconscious self-perpetuation of a bias , 1990 .

[3]  Randy Thornhill,et al.  Human facial beauty , 1993, Human nature.

[4]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Does sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health? , 2003, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[5]  T. Petti,et al.  Minor physical anomalies in young psychotic children. , 1978, The American journal of psychiatry.

[6]  S. Brownlow,et al.  The Interactive Effects of Facial Maturity and Name Warmth on Perceptions of Job Candidates , 1995 .

[7]  P. Lewicki Nonconscious biasing effects of single instances on subsequent judgments. , 1985 .

[8]  E. Kobyliansky,et al.  Fluctuating asymmetry as a possible measure of developmental homeostasis in humans: a review. , 1991, Human biology.

[9]  S. Jourard,et al.  Mother-concepts and judgments of young women's faces. , 1956, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[10]  A. Eagly,et al.  What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. , 1991 .

[11]  D. Paulhus,et al.  Predicting adult temperament from minor physical anomalies. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[12]  Diane S. Berry,et al.  Facial maturity and daily social interaction , 1997 .

[13]  R. Kurzban,et al.  Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. , 2001, Psychological bulletin.

[14]  P. Parsons,et al.  FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY: AN EPIGENETIC MEASURE OF STRESS , 1990, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[15]  Stability of babyfaceness and attractiveness across the life span. , 1993 .

[16]  K. Dion Cultural perspectives on facial attractiveness. , 2002 .

[17]  Ranjana Dutta,et al.  The Relationship between Appearance and Personality Across the Life Span , 1998 .

[18]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  The influence of children's facial maturity on parental expectations and punishments. , 1991, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[19]  Jason Faulkner,et al.  Evolved Disease-Avoidance Processes and Contemporary Anti-Social Behavior: Prejudicial Attitudes and Avoidance of People with Physical Disabilities , 2003 .

[20]  H. K. Lee,et al.  They don't all look alike: individuated impressions of other racial groups. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[21]  Mary Ann Collins,et al.  The Contributions of Appearance to Occupational Outcomes in Civilian and Military Settings1 , 1995 .

[22]  Magnus Enquist,et al.  An ethological theory of attractiveness. , 2002 .

[23]  A. Møller,et al.  Asymmetry, Developmental Stability, and Evolution , 1998 .

[24]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Trait Impressions as Overgeneralized Responses to Adaptively Significant Facial Qualities: Evidence from Connectionist Modeling , 2003, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[25]  S. Andersen,et al.  The Social-Cognitive Model of Transference , 1998 .

[26]  J. Kauffman,et al.  Minor physical anomalies in exceptional children: A review and critique of research , 1982, Journal of abnormal child psychology.

[27]  J. Gibson The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[28]  J. Gibson The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems , 1967 .

[29]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[30]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Do facial averageness and symmetry signal health? , 2001, Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society.

[31]  L. Zebrowitz Social Perception , 1990 .

[32]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Does Human Facial Attractiveness Honestly Advertise Health? Longitudinal Data on an Evolutionary Question , 1998 .

[33]  D. Berry,et al.  What's in a Face? , 1988, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

[34]  J. B. Pittenger,et al.  The perception of human growth. , 1980, Scientific American.

[35]  David W. Smith,et al.  Intelligence, behavior, and dysmorphogenesis in the fetal alcohol syndrome: a report on 20 patients. , 1978, The Journal of pediatrics.

[36]  R. Q. Bell,et al.  Temperament and minor physical anomalies. , 1982, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[37]  C. Hazan,et al.  The Place of Attachment in Human Mating , 2000 .

[38]  S. Brownlow,et al.  Seeing is believing: Facial appearance, credibility, and attitude change , 1992 .

[39]  G. Gottlieb Environmental and Behavioral Influences on Gene Activity , 2000 .

[40]  Charles M Judd,et al.  The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: judging by features and categories. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[41]  J. Montepare,et al.  Children's Perceptions of Babyfaced Adults , 1989, Perceptual and motor skills.

[42]  D. Buss,et al.  Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[43]  M. Preus,et al.  Increased morphological variants in children with learning disabilities , 1982, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[44]  A. Feingold Good-looking people are not what we think. , 1992 .

[45]  Gillian Rhodes,et al.  Nature Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom: The Multiple Ways and Wherefores of Attractiveness , 2002 .

[46]  Joann M. Montepare,et al.  The Contribution of Emotion Perceptions and Their Overgeneralizations to Trait Impressions , 2003 .

[47]  A. Karter,et al.  Parasites, Bright Males, and the Immunocompetence Handicap , 1992, The American Naturalist.

[48]  A. Tesser,et al.  Popularity in Environmental Context: Facial Feature Assessment of American Movie Actresses , 1999 .

[49]  R. Baron,et al.  Toward an Ecological Theory of Social Perception , 1983 .

[50]  Dina L. Bai,et al.  Children's Attributions of Social Dominance from Facial Cues. , 1986 .

[51]  L. Cosmides,et al.  Evolutionary psychology: A Primer , 1997 .

[52]  A. Møller,et al.  Parasitism, Host Immune Function, and Sexual Selection , 1999, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[53]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Person Perception Comes of Age: The Salience and Significance of Age in Social Judgments , 1998 .

[54]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Looking Smart and Looking Good: Facial Cues to Intelligence and their Origins , 2002 .

[55]  U. Hess,et al.  The Influence of Facial Emotion Displays, Gender, and Ethnicity on Judgments of Dominance and Affiliation , 2000 .

[56]  Mary Ann Collins,et al.  Accurate Social Perception at Zero Acquaintance: The Affordances of a Gibsonian Approach , 1997, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[57]  A. Karter,et al.  PARASITES, BRIGHT MALES, AND THE IMMUNOCOMPETENCE , 1992 .

[58]  Susan Sprecher,et al.  Mirror, Mirror: The Importance of Looks in Everyday Life , 1985 .

[59]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  The impact of litigants' baby-facedness and attractiveness on adjudications in small claims courts , 1991 .

[60]  C. Wallace,et al.  The incidence of minor physical anomalies in adult male schizophrenics. , 1983, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[61]  Minor anomalies: diagnostic clues to aberrant human morphogenesis , 1993 .

[62]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  The Impact of Job Applicants' Facial Maturity, Gender, and Academic Achievement on Hiring Recommendations , 1991 .

[63]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Baby talk to the babyfaced , 1992 .

[64]  B. Knutson Facial expressions of emotion influence interpersonal trait inferences , 1996 .

[65]  T. Markow,et al.  Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications , 1994, Contemporary Issues in Genetics and Evolution.

[66]  Steven L. Neuberg,et al.  Why people stigmatize: Toward a biocultural framework. , 2000 .