A modelling formalism for human-machine cooperative systems

This paper presents a collection of models of humans involved in complex systems with a focus on control of the system while allowing human participation in decisions for system operation. The existence of a formal model that captures human behaviour in a complex system allows for the efficient development of modelling and control software of man-machine systems. This paper provides a foundation for modelling and software development for complex systems that includes human activities. A modelling formalism, based on the automata theory for human-machine cooperative systems is demonstrated in this paper in consideration with the ecological concept of affordance.