A Retrospective Analysis on Types of Flap Design Used in Maxillary Carcinoma

Maxillary carcinoma, where oral squamous cell carcinoma represents 90-95% of all malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity.1 The classical cause of this disease has a high correlation with alcohol and tobacco consumptions.2 This maxillary carcinoma accounts for 56% of the oral cancer. Malignancies of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rare, accounting for only 3% of head and neck carcinoma and about 0.5% of all malignant disease. The annual incidence rate is 0.5–1.0 per 100,000 population. These tumors are two times more frequently observed in men than in women, mainly between 50 and 70 years old. Of these malignancies, 80% originate from the maxillary sinus and histologically, 60–90% of these cases have been shown to be squamous cell carcinoma. The surgical treatment for tumor invading the maxilla with adequate surgical margins is challenging because of the anatomic complexity of the maxillofacial region.3 The removal of various maxillary tumors and further reconstruction is considered as a difficult phase. These are treated by the combined approach of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.4 The surgical resection therefore remains as the initial treatment which is used as the treatment of choice for all tumors of nasal, paranasal, and sinuses. Henceforth the incisions and the approach should be suitably done depending on the stage of the tumor.5 However, advanced techniques and experience in surgical tumor resection and reconstructive techniques has afforded many patients the opportunity for curative surgery than in previous decades.6