Teachers' Understanding of Bullying.

Using semi-structured interviews, we examined teachers' understanding of bullying of children in their classes. Although teachers' definitions of bullying included both direct and indirect behaviours, several factors influenced how they characterized and responded to incidents. These factors included whether the teachers viewed an incident as serious or considered a victimized child responsible, whether a child matched their assumptions about victim characteristics and behaviours, and whether they described feeling empathy for a child. The nature of the school environment and organization such as availability of systemic support in addressing bullying incidents were further factors that influenced teachers' awareness and responses.

[1]  W. Craig,et al.  Prospective Teachers' Attitudes toward Bullying and Victimization , 2000 .

[2]  Laura D. Hanish,et al.  Children Who Get Victimized at School: What Is Known? What Can Be Done?. , 2000 .

[3]  W. Andrew Collins,et al.  Human Behavior in the Social Environment. , 1989 .

[4]  D. Pepler,et al.  Observations of Bullying in the Classroom , 1998 .

[5]  R. Astor.  School Violence: A Blueprint for Elementary School Interventions. , 1995 .

[6]  Lyn Richards,et al.  Using NVIVO in Qualitative Research , 1999 .

[7]  M. Callaghan,et al.  Bullying: teachers’ views and school effects , 1993 .

[8]  Ramani S. Pilla,et al.  Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth: Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment , 2001 .

[9]  Bullying at School: Toronto in an International Context. Research Services No. 196. , 1991 .

[10]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  Knowledge and attitudes about school bullying in trainee teachers. , 2002, The British journal of educational psychology.

[11]  Carynn Townsend Wiggins.  Teachers' perceptions of and interventions in episodes of bullying in schools , 2001 .

[12]  C. Cullingford,et al.  Bullying as a Formative Influence: the relationship between the experience of school and criminality , 1995 .

[13]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  Definitions of bullying: a comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison. , 2002, Child development.

[14]  D. Olweus,et al.  Predicting Teachers' and Schools' Implementation of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: A Multilevel Study. , 2003 .

[15]  Working with victims: Being empathic helpers , 1994 .

[16]  Julie Boergers,et al.  Overt and Relational Aggression in Adolescents: Social-Psychological Adjustment of Aggressors and Victims , 2001, Journal of clinical child psychology.

[17]  J. Carney,et al.  Areas of Expert Agreement on Identification of School Bullies and Victims , 1997 .

[18]  Elizabeth A. Clarke,et al.  A Systemic Counseling Approach to the Problem of Bullying. , 1997 .

[19]  Rob Limper.  Cooperation between parents, teachers, and school boards to prevent bullying in education: An overview of work done in the Netherlands , 2000 .

[20]  D. Pepler,et al.  Observations of Bullying in the Playground and in the Classroom , 2000 .

[21]  D. Olweus.  Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. , 1994, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[22]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  Pupil and parent attitudes towards bullying in primary schools , 2000 .

[23]  D. Pepler,et al.  Observations of Bullying and Victimization in the School Yard , 1998 .

[24]  M. O'moore.  Critical issues for teacher training to counter bullying and victimisation in Ireland , 2000 .

[25]  H. A. Meyer,et al.  Unowned Places and Times: Maps and Interviews About Violence in High Schools , 1999 .

[26]  M. Boulton.  Teachers' views on bullying: definitions, attitudes and ability to cope. , 1997, The British journal of educational psychology.

[27]  P. Slee,et al.  "Guess what I just heard!": Indirect aggression among teenage girls in Australia , 2000 .

[28]  M. Watson,et al.  Children Who Are Targets of Bullying , 1997 .

[29]  A. Strauss.  Basics Of Qualitative Research , 1992 .

[30]  Peter K. Smith,et al.  Bullying in schools: Lessons from two decades of research , 2000 .

[31]  R. Milich,et al.  “You Really Don't Know How Much It Hurts:” Children's and Preservice Teachers' Reactions to Childhood Teasing , 2001 .

[32]  Richard J. Hazler,et al.  Adult recognition of school bullying situations , 2001 .

[33]  D. Olweus.  Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. , 1991 .

[34]  M. Borg,et al.  The Emotional Reactions of School Bullies and their Victims , 1998 .

[35]  R. Newman,et al.  Confrontation with Aggressive Peers at School: Students' Reluctance To Seek Help from the Teacher. , 2001 .

[36]  S. Merriam.  Qualitative research in practice : examples for discussion and analysis , 2002 .

[37]  J. Ireland,et al.  Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum‐security prison , 2000 .

[38]  C. B. Germain.  Human Behavior in the Social Environment: An Ecological View , 1991 .

[39]  W. Roberts,et al.  The Bully as Victim: Understanding Bully Behaviors To Increase the Effectiveness of Interventions in the Bully-Victim Dyad. , 2000 .

[40]  F. Mishna.  A Qualitative Study of Bullying from Multiple Perspectives , 2004 .