Properties of intermodal transfer after dual visuo- and auditory-motor adaptation.

Previous work documented that sensorimotor adaptation transfers between sensory modalities: When subjects adapt with one arm to a visuomotor distortion while responding to visual targets, they also appear to be adapted when they are subsequently tested with auditory targets. Vice versa, when they adapt to an auditory-motor distortion while pointing to auditory targets, they appear to be adapted when they are subsequently tested with visual targets. Therefore, it was concluded that visuomotor as well as auditory-motor adaptation use the same adaptation mechanism. Furthermore, it has been proposed that sensory information from the trained modality is weighted larger than sensory information from an untrained one, because transfer between sensory modalities is incomplete. The present study tested these hypotheses for dual arm adaptation. One arm adapted to an auditory-motor distortion and the other either to an opposite directed auditory-motor or visuomotor distortion. We found that both arms adapted significantly. However, compared to reference data on single arm adaptation, adaptation in the dominant arm was reduced indicating interference from the non-dominant to the dominant arm. We further found that arm-specific aftereffects of adaptation, which reflect recalibration of sensorimotor transformation rules, were stronger or equally strong when targets were presented in the previously adapted compared to the non-adapted sensory modality, even when one arm adapted visually and the other auditorily. The findings are discussed with respect to a recently published schematic model on sensorimotor adaptation.

[1]  Otmar Bock,et al.  Concurrent adaptations of left and right arms to opposite visual distortions , 2005, Experimental Brain Research.

[2]  J. Saunders,et al.  Humans use continuous visual feedback from the hand to control fast reaching movements , 2003, Experimental Brain Research.

[3]  Joaquin A. Anguera,et al.  Neural correlates associated with intermanual transfer of sensorimotor adaptation , 2007, Brain Research.

[4]  Philip N. Sabes,et al.  Visual-shift adaptation is composed of separable sensory and task-dependent effects. , 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.

[5]  O. Bock,et al.  A Comparison of Sensorimotor Adaptation in the Visual and in the Auditory Modality , 2014, PloS one.

[6]  O. Bock,et al.  Mechanisms for sensorimotor adaptation to rotated visual input , 2001, Experimental Brain Research.

[7]  J. Kravitz.  Conditioned adaptation to prismatic displacement , 1972 .

[8]  O. Bock,et al.  Transfer of Visuomotor Adaptation to Unpractised Hands and Sensory Modalities , 2013 .

[9]  Daniel M Wolpert,et al.  Role of uncertainty in sensorimotor control. , 2002, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[10]  Simultaneous right- and left-hand adaptation in opposite lateral directions following bidirectional optical displacement , 1980 .

[11]  K. Saberi,et al.  Auditory psychomotor coordination and visual search performance , 1990, Perception & psychophysics.

[12]  Yves Rossetti,et al.  Enhancing Visuomotor Adaptation by Reducing Error Signals: Single-step (Aware) versus Multiple-step (Unaware) Exposure to Wedge Prisms , 2007, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[13]  S. Riek,et al.  Dual adaptation to two opposing visuomotor rotations when each is associated with different regions of workspace , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[14]  C. S. Harris.  Adaptation to Displaced Vision: Visual, Motor, or Proprioceptive Change? , 1963, Science.

[15]  R. D Seidler,et al.  Patterns of transfer of adaptation among body segments , 2001, Behavioural Brain Research.

[16]  Pierre-Michel Bernier,et al.  Evidence for distinct, differentially adaptable sensorimotor transformations for reaches to visual and proprioceptive targets. , 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.

[17]  L. K. Canon,et al.  Directed attention and maladaptive "adaptation" to displacement of the visual field. , 1971, Journal of experimental psychology.

[18]  R. Sainburg,et al.  Interlimb transfer of visuomotor rotations: independence of direction and final position information , 2002, Experimental Brain Research.

[19]  Otmar Bock,et al.  Adaptation of aimed arm movements to sensorimotor discordance: evidence for direction-independent gain control , 1992, Behavioural Brain Research.

[20]  M. Kawato,et al.  Acquisition and contextual switching of multiple internal models for different viscous force fields , 2003, Neuroscience Research.

[21]  Zoubin Ghahramani,et al.  Modular decomposition in visuomotor learning , 1997, Nature.

[22]  E. Wagenmakers,et al.  Hidden multiplicity in exploratory multiway ANOVA: Prevalence and remedies , 2014, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

[23]  Thomas Schack,et al.  From action representation to action execution: exploring the links between cognitive and biomechanical levels of motor control , 2013, Front. Comput. Neurosci..

[24]  Adaptation to Displaced Hearing: A Non-Proprioceptive Change , 1974 .

[25]  G. M. Redding,et al.  Adaptive spatial alignment and strategic perceptual-motor control. , 1996, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[26]  M. Jeannerod,et al.  Adaptation of the Two Arms to opposite Prism Displacements , 1975 .

[27]  S. Swinnen,et al.  Motor learning with augmented feedback: modality-dependent behavioral and neural consequences. , 2011, Cerebral cortex.

[28]  C R HAMILTON,et al.  INTERMANUAL TRANSFER OF ADAPTATION TO PRISMS. , 1964, The American journal of psychology.

[29]  J. Contreras-Vidal,et al.  Adaptation of sound localization induced by rotated visual feedback in reaching movements , 2009, Experimental Brain Research.

[30]  D. Reinkensmeyer,et al.  Substituting auditory for visual feedback to adapt to altered dynamic and kinematic environments during reaching , 2012, Experimental Brain Research.

[31]  Robert L. Sainburg,et al.  The symmetry of interlimb transfer depends on workspace locations , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[32]  Ronald Jones,et al.  Adaptation to the prismatic effects of refractive lenses , 1997, Vision Research.

[33]  Specialized Adaptation to Displaced Vision , 1974, Perception.

[34]  D. Burr,et al.  The Ventriloquist Effect Results from Near-Optimal Bimodal Integration , 2004, Current Biology.

[35]  Lack of bilateral generalization of adaptation to auditory rearrangement , 1972 .

[36]  M M Cohen.  Changes in Auditory Localization following Prismatic Exposure under Continuous and Terminal Visual Feedback , 1974, Perceptual and motor skills.

[37]  H. Imamizu,et al.  The locus of visual-motor learning at the task or manipulator level: implications from intermanual transfer. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[38]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Principles of sensorimotor learning , 2011, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[39]  M. Kawato,et al.  Explicit contextual information selectively contributes to predictive switching of internal models , 2007, Experimental Brain Research.

[40]  Intermodal Transfer of Adaptation to Displacement , 1966, Nature.

[41]  M. Hallett,et al.  Adaptation to lateral displacement of vision in patients with lesions of the central nervous system , 1983, Neurology.

[42]  Otmar Bock.  Basic principles of sensorimotor adaptation to different distortions with different effectors and movement types: a review and synthesis of behavioral findings , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[43]  S. Kitazawa,et al.  Prism Adaptation of Reaching Movements: Specificity for the Velocity of Reaching , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[44]  R. C. Miall,et al.  Concurrent adaptation to opposing visual displacements during an alternating movement , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[45]  E. Wagenmakers,et al.  Hidden Multiplicity in Multiway ANOVA: Prevalence, Consequences, and Remedies , 2014 .

[46]  Laurence Mouchnino,et al.  On the neural basis of sensory weighting: Alpha, beta and gamma modulations during complex movements , 2017, NeuroImage.

[47]  Juan Fernandez-Ruiz,et al.  Rapid Topographical Plasticity of the Visuomotor Spatial Transformation , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[48]  G. Recanzone.  Interactions of auditory and visual stimuli in space and time , 2009, Hearing Research.

[49]  M. Kawato,et al.  Random presentation enables subjects to adapt to two opposing forces on the hand , 2004, Nature Neuroscience.

[50]  Edward Taub,et al.  Prism Adaptation: Control of Intermanual Transfer by Distribution of Practice , 1973, Science.

[51]  Robert B. Welch,et al.  Multiple concurrent visual-motor mappings: implications for models of adaptation. , 1994 .

[52]  N. Rinehart,et al.  Interpersonal motor resonance in autism spectrum disorder: evidence against a global “mirror system” deficit , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[53]  H. Pick,et al.  Gaze-contingent prism adaptation: optical and motor factors. , 1966, Journal of experimental psychology.

[54]  M M Cohen,et al.  Continuous versus Terminal Visual Feedback in Prism Aftereffects , 1967, Perceptual and motor skills.

[55]  F. Bedford,et al.  Can a Space-Perception Conflict Be Solved with Three Sense Modalities? , 2007, Perception.

[56]  J. Krakauer,et al.  Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control. , 2010, Annual review of neuroscience.

[57]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Adaptation of movement endpoints to perturbations of visual feedback , 2002, Experimental Brain Research.

[58]  R. Shadmehr,et al.  A Gain-Field Encoding of Limb Position and Velocity in the Internal Model of Arm Dynamics , 2003, PLoS biology.

[59]  E Bizzi,et al.  Motor learning by field approximation. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.