Assessing the Influence of Power Pools on Emission Constrained Economic Dispatch

for equipment additions and the total annual operating cost in terms of the cost of real-power transmission losses. The transmission expansion planning formulation presented in this paper is characterized by a complete decoupling between real and reactive power equations. The flowchart, shown in Fig. 1, summarizes the planning algorithm. Discrete sensitivity formulations have been proposed in the past [1-7] for solving the single-stage transmission expan¬ sion planning problem. However these formulations suffer from two major drawbacks: