Performance, environmental impact and cost analysis of marking materials in pavement engineering, the-state-of-art

Abstract As a necessary component of traffic signal and the safety features on traffic system, pavement markings could not be replaced by other means currently. With the enhancement of environmental and healthy requirements, it was also crucial to reduce energy consumption and negative environmental impact of marking materials. This review synthesized the state-of-the-art technologies and applications of marking materials in pavement engineering in terms of environmental impact and cost evaluation. Firstly, the common raw materials of pavement markings were introduced, including glass beads, binder, pigment, filler and dispersion medium. Afterwards, this article comprehensively classified marking materials, involved thermoplastic markings, paint materials, cold-plastic markings, two component markings and marking tapes. Especially, the application of waterborne paints was highlighted, which had presented potential advantage on environmental protection, cost saving and heath issue. In addition, the performance requirements of marking materials were discussed, focusing on the retro-reflectivity and durability. For the uniformity of traffic marking system, the necessary of developing specifications and pavement marking management system were emphasized. Subsequently, life cycle assessment analysis on pavement marking materials was considered based on the cost and environmental impacts, typically involved the volatile organic compounds, heavy metal and glass beads. Finally, advanced marking materials and innovative applications were described and investigated, including photo-luminescent coating, nanocomposite paints and translucent concrete-based smart lane separator. Moreover, prospects and conclusions were summarized to present the avenues and opportunities for future researches. The pavement marking industry would continue to concentrate on safety, performance and environment aspects while taking the advantage of the technological advancements in future.