Two Complement Receptor One alleles have opposing associations with 1 cerebral malaria and interact with α + thalassaemia . 2 3

3 D. Herbert Opi, Olivia V. Swann, Alex Macharia, Sophie Uyoga, Gavin Band, 4 Carolyne Ndila, Ewen M. Harrison, Mahamadou A. Thera, Abdoulaye K. Kone, 5 Dapa A. Diallo, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Kirsten E. Lyke, Christopher V. Plowe, 6 Joann M. Moulds, Mohammed Shebe, Neema Mturi, Norbert Peshu, Kathryn 7 Maitland, Ahmed Raza, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Kirk A. Rockett, Thomas N. 8 Williams, J. Alexandra Rowe 9 Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P. O. Box 10 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya. Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of 11

[1]  Vysaul B. Nyirongo,et al.  Characterisation of the opposing effects of G6PD deficiency on cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia , 2016, eLife.

[2]  W. Tham,et al.  More than just immune evasion: Hijacking complement by Plasmodium falciparum. , 2015, Molecular immunology.

[3]  Vysaul B. Nyirongo,et al.  Reappraisal of known malaria resistance loci in a large multi-centre study , 2014, Nature Genetics.

[4]  D. Bates,et al.  Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4 , 2014, 1406.5823.

[5]  D. Kwiatkowski,et al.  Epistasis between the haptoglobin common variant and α+thalassemia influences risk of severe malaria in Kenyan children. , 2014, Blood.

[6]  T. Theander,et al.  Human genetic polymorphisms in the Knops blood group are not associated with a protective advantage against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Southern Ghana , 2013, Malaria Journal.

[7]  Matti Pirinen,et al.  Imputation-Based Meta-Analysis of Severe Malaria in Three African Populations , 2013, PLoS genetics.

[8]  K. Rockett,et al.  The genetic risk of acute seizures in African children with falciparum malaria , 2013, Epilepsia.

[9]  Sohee Oh,et al.  The polymorphism of Knops blood group system in Korean population and their relationship with HLA system. , 2013, Human immunology.

[10]  Anna E. Jeffreys,et al.  Candidate Human Genetic Polymorphisms and Severe Malaria in a Tanzanian Population , 2012, PloS one.

[11]  K. Rockett,et al.  Candidate Polymorphisms and Severe Malaria in a Malian Population , 2012, PloS one.

[12]  A. Cowman,et al.  Lack of Evidence from Studies of Soluble Protein Fragments that Knops Blood Group Polymorphisms in Complement Receptor-Type 1 Are Driven by Malaria , 2012, PloS one.

[13]  Dave Richard,et al.  Complement receptor 1 is the host erythrocyte receptor for Plasmodium falciparum PfRh4 invasion ligand , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[14]  J. K. Moch,et al.  Complement Receptor 1 Is a Sialic Acid-Independent Erythrocyte Receptor of Plasmodium falciparum , 2010, PLoS pathogens.

[15]  D. Kwiatkowski,et al.  Candidate malaria susceptibility/protective SNPs in hospital and population-based studies: the effect of sub-structuring , 2010, Malaria Journal.

[16]  J. Moulds The Knops blood group system: a review , 2010, Immunohematology.

[17]  O. Pybus,et al.  Epistatic interactions between genetic disorders of hemoglobin can explain why the sickle-cell gene is uncommon in the Mediterranean , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[18]  H. Joshi,et al.  Role of CR1 Knops polymorphism in the pathophysiology of malaria: Indian scenario. , 2009, Journal of vector borne diseases.

[19]  K. Marsh,et al.  Bacteraemia in Kenyan children with sickle-cell anaemia: a retrospective cohort and case–control study , 2009, The Lancet.

[20]  Hadley Wickham,et al.  ggplot2 - Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (2nd Edition) , 2017 .

[21]  R. Snow,et al.  Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya , 2008, The Lancet.

[22]  O. Doumbo,et al.  Blood group O protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[23]  J. Graffelman,et al.  Graphical Tests for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Based on the Ternary Plot , 2007, Human Heredity.

[24]  D. Covas,et al.  Knops blood group haplotypes among distinct Brazilian populations , 2007, Transfusion.

[25]  W. Otieno,et al.  Complement receptor 1 polymorphisms associated with resistance to severe malaria in Kenya , 2005, Malaria Journal.

[26]  R. Snow,et al.  Sickle cell trait and the risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and other childhood diseases. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[27]  K. Maitland,et al.  Both heterozygous and homozygous alpha+ thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya. , 2005, Blood.

[28]  O. Doumbo,et al.  Abnormal display of PfEMP-1 on erythrocytes carrying haemoglobin C may protect against malaria , 2005, Nature.

[29]  K. Marsh,et al.  Malaria and nutritional status in children living on the coast of Kenya. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[30]  Shinichi Nakagawa A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias , 2004, Behavioral Ecology.

[31]  M. Bockarie,et al.  A human complement receptor 1 polymorphism that reduces Plasmodium falciparum rosetting confers protection against severe malaria , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  A. Dicko,et al.  Association of intraleukocytic Plasmodium falciparum malaria pigment with disease severity, clinical manifestations, and prognosis in severe malaria. , 2003, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[33]  A. Hill,et al.  CR1 Knops blood group alleles are not associated with severe malaria in the Gambia , 2003, Genes and Immunity.

[34]  James L Regens,et al.  Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum transmission along the Kenyan coast. , 2003, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[35]  J. Atkinson,et al.  Human complement receptor type 1 (CR1) binds to a major malarial adhesin. , 2002, Trends in molecular medicine.

[36]  C. Waterfall,et al.  Single tube genotyping of sickle cell anaemia using PCR-based SNP analysis. , 2001, Nucleic acids research.

[37]  O. Doumbo,et al.  Molecular identification of Knops blood group polymorphisms found in long homologous region D of complement receptor 1. , 2001, Blood.

[38]  J. Jensenius,et al.  Complement Receptor 1/Cd35 Is a Receptor for Mannan-Binding Lectin , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[39]  C. Newbold,et al.  Mapping of the Region of Complement Receptor (CR) 1 Required for Plasmodium falciparum Rosetting and Demonstration of the Importance of CR1 in Rosetting in Field Isolates1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[40]  Yang,et al.  P. falciparum rosetting mediated by a parasite-variant erythrocyte membrane protein and complement-receptor 1 , 1997, Nature.

[41]  M. Wahlgren,et al.  Natural protection against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria due to impaired rosette formation. , 1994, Blood.

[42]  K J Rothman,et al.  No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons , 1990, Epidemiology.

[43]  J. Schifferli,et al.  Direct evidence for the clustered nature of complement receptors type 1 on the erythrocyte membrane. , 1988, Journal of immunology.

[44]  R Core Team,et al.  R: A language and environment for statistical computing. , 2014 .

[45]  P. Donnelly,et al.  Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa , 2009, Nature Genetics.

[46]  A. Crampin,et al.  Large-scale candidate gene study of leprosy susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi. , 2004, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[47]  D. Higgs,et al.  Single-tube multiplex-PCR screen for common deletional determinants of alpha-thalassemia. , 2000, Blood.