Development of in Situ CO2 Generation Formulations for Enhanced Oil Recovery

The carbon dioxide flooding of oil reservoirs represents one of the most-proven tertiary oil recovery practices. However, there are significant challenges associated with applying CO2 flooding in certain onshore or offshore fields and applications. The common challenges include a limited supply of CO2, transportation, capital cost investment, and corrosion. For offshore flooding, the critical challenge could be more related to extreme remote and significant project cost increase. In this work, we investigated delivering CO2 indirectly to the subsurface formation by injecting the concentrated solution of ammonium carbamate (AC) as CO2 generated species. Ammonium carbamate, a highly water soluble solid (40 wt %) and commercially available, can be dissolved in aqueous solution and injected to the reservoir where it decomposes at reservoir condition, thus releasing products of CO2 and ammonia. The produced CO2 results in lowering oil viscosity and oil swelling. Increase of ammonia concentration also lead to s...

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