Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance biosensor for study of DNA desorption and hybridization

We report a system, which combines electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques on the same sensing chip. Each channel of a four-channel laboratory SPR sensor is supplemented with two planar gold electrodes (the reference and the counter electrodes), whereas the gold layer of SPR chip is used as the working electrode. A custom electronics enables to set an arbitrary potential between the reference and working electrodes and to measure the current flow between the counter and the working electrodes. Information from standard electrochemical techniques, i.e. cyclovoltammetry and chronoamperometry can be acquired with the system while simultaneously monitoring the shift in the surface plasmon resonance. The electrochemical SPR biosensor was used to study desorption of thiolated DNA probes with a negative potential. By comparing the acquired electrochemical and SPR signals, we show that DNA probes as well as a monolayer of alkanethiols can be desorbed by applying negative potentials to the SPR chip surface. Moreover, it is shown that the DNA probes can be reabsorbed on the SPR sensor surface and the complementary DNA can be detected without loss in detection sensitivity.

[1]  M. Porter,et al.  Fine structure in the voltammetric desorption curves of alkanethiolate monolayers chemisorbed at gold , 1997 .

[2]  C. O’Sullivan,et al.  Electrochemical biosensor for the multiplexed detection of human papillomavirus genes. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[3]  Alexander Revzin,et al.  Electrochemical Desorption of Proteins from Gold Electrode Surface , 2006 .

[4]  Hua Dong,et al.  An in situ electrochemical surface plasmon resonance immunosensor with polypyrrole propylic acid film: comparison between SPR and electrochemical responses from polymer formation to protein immunosensing. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  X. Su,et al.  SPR study of DNA hybridization with DNA and PNA probes under stringent conditions. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  M. Morin,et al.  Studies of the Electrochemical Removal and Efficient Re-formation of a Monolayer of Hexadecanethiol Self-Assembled at an Au(111) Single Crystal in Aqueous Solutions , 1997 .

[7]  Jacqueline K. Barton,et al.  Electrochemical DNA sensors , 2003, Nature Biotechnology.

[8]  I. Lundström,et al.  An electronic tongue based on voltammetry , 1997 .

[9]  Serge Cosnier,et al.  Biosensors based on combined optical and electrochemical transduction for molecular diagnostics , 2011, Expert review of molecular diagnostics.

[10]  Danila Moscone,et al.  Development of an Immunomagnetic Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of BT‐CRY1AB/CRY1AC Proteins in Genetically Modified Corn Samples , 2006 .

[11]  Mehmet Ozsoz,et al.  Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Based on DNA‐Drug Interactions , 2002 .

[12]  J. Homola.  Surface plasmon resonance based sensors , 2006 .

[13]  Yuyuan Tian,et al.  Study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by means of electrical conductance measurements. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  M. Porter,et al.  Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance investigation of the reductive desorption of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols and mercaptoalkanoic acids on Au , 2000 .

[15]  R. Kurita,et al.  Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance measurement in a microliter volume flow cell for evaluating the affinity and catalytic activity of biomolecules. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  Eileen M. Spain,et al.  Orienting DNA helices on gold using applied electric fields , 1998 .

[17]  Alexander W Peterson,et al.  Hybridization of mismatched or partially matched DNA at surfaces. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  P. Sorger,et al.  Electronic detection of DNA by its intrinsic molecular charge , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  Marc Tornow,et al.  Electrical manipulation of oligonucleotides grafted to charged surfaces. , 2006, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

[20]  M. Davies,et al.  Resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption by poly(vinyl alcohol) thin films adsorbed to a poly(styrene) support matrix studied using surface plasmon resonance. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  F. Uslu,et al.  Labelfree fully electronic nucleic acid detection system based on a field-effect transistor device. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Gustavo Rivas,et al.  DNA electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring. A review , 1997 .

[23]  W. Knoll,et al.  Oligonucleotide hybridization studied by a surface plasmon diffraction sensor (SPDS). , 2004, Nucleic acids research.

[24]  M. Mascini,et al.  Immobilisation of DNA probes for the development of SPR-based sensing. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  J. Homola.  Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[26]  D. Schlereth.  Characterization of protein monolayers by surface plasmon resonance combined with cyclic voltammetry ‘in situ’ , 1999 .

[27]  A. Offenhäusser,et al.  Surface plasmon microscopy measurements of lipid vesicle adsorption on a micropatterned self-assembled monolayer , 2001 .

[28]  Chunhai Fan,et al.  Electrochemical interrogation of conformational changes as a reagentless method for the sequence-specific detection of DNA , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  Marc Tornow,et al.  Controlling the surface density of DNA on gold by electrically induced desorption. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[30]  K. Marx,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance: a useful tool for studying thin polymer films and complex biomolecular systems at the solution-surface interface. , 2003, Biomacromolecules.

[31]  R. Georgiadis,et al.  Quantitative measurements and modeling of kinetics in nucleic acid monolayer films using SPR spectroscopy , 2000 .

[32]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Electrochemical biosensors: towards point-of-care cancer diagnostics. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[33]  Zhiqiang Gao,et al.  Femtomol SPR detection of DNA-PNA hybridization with the assistance of DNA-guided polyaniline deposition. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[34]  R. Georgiadis,et al.  The effect of surface probe density on DNA hybridization. , 2001, Nucleic acids research.

[35]  Auke Bult,et al.  Development of a confined wall-jet flow-through cell for simultaneous electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance applications , 2002 .

[36]  Saverio Mannino,et al.  Electrochemical methods for food and drink analysis , 1992 .