How the olfactory system makes sense of scents

The human nose is often considered something of a luxury, but in the rest of the animal world, from bacteria to mammals, detecting chemicals in the environment has been critical to the successful organism. An indication of the importance of olfactory systems is the significant proportion — as much as 4% — of the genomes of many higher eukaryotes that is devoted to encoding the proteins of smell. Growing interest in the detection of diverse compounds at single-molecule levels has made the olfactory system an important system for biological modelling.

[1]  J. J. Abel,et al.  ON THE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF EPINEPHRIN HYDRATE , 1905 .

[2]  M. Caron,et al.  Chimeric alpha 2-,beta 2-adrenergic receptors: delineation of domains involved in effector coupling and ligand binding specificity. , 1988, Science.

[3]  P. H. Barry,et al.  Action potentials initiated by single channels opening in a small neuron (rat olfactory receptor). , 1989, Biophysical journal.

[4]  G. Shepherd,et al.  Activation of the sensory current in salamander olfactory receptor neurons depends on a G protein-mediated cAMP second messenger system , 1991, Neuron.

[5]  R C Gesteland,et al.  Calcium-activated chloride conductance in frog olfactory cilia , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[6]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition , 1991, Cell.

[7]  B. Ache,et al.  Plasma membrane inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Activated channels mediate signal transduction in lobster olfactory receptor neurons , 1992, Neuron.

[8]  R. Kramer,et al.  Intracellular Ca2+ regulates the sensitivity of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in olfactory receptor neurons , 1992, Neuron.

[9]  K. Yau,et al.  Co-existence of cationic and chloride components in odorant-induced current of vertebrate olfactory receptor cells , 1993, Nature.

[10]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-2 and beta-arrestin-2 as mediators of odorant-induced desensitization. , 1993, Science.

[11]  A. Menini,et al.  The relation between stimulus and response in olfactory receptor cells of the tiger salamander. , 1993, The Journal of physiology.

[12]  G. Lowe,et al.  Nonlinear amplification by calcium-dependent chloride channels in olfactory receptor cells , 1993, Nature.

[13]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  A beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-like enzyme is involved in olfactory signal termination. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  K. Yau,et al.  Direct modulation by Ca2+–calmodulin of cyclic nucleotide-activated channel of rat olfactory receptor neurons , 1994, Nature.

[15]  K. Yau,et al.  Direct modulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin of cyclic nucleotide-activated channel of rat olfactory receptor neurons. , 1994, Nature.

[16]  H. Breer,et al.  Single odors differentially stimulate dual second messenger pathways in lobster olfactory receptor cells , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[17]  K. Yau,et al.  Calcium-Calmodulin Modulation of the Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channel , 1994, Science.

[18]  B. Ache,et al.  Dual second-messenger pathways in olfactory transduction , 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[19]  A. Menini,et al.  Quantal-like current fluctuations induced by odorants in olfactory receptor cells , 1995, Nature.

[20]  Yoshihiro Yoshihara,et al.  Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system , 1995, Progress in Neurobiology.

[21]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals , 1995, Cell.

[22]  M. Halpern,et al.  Subclasses of vomeronasal receptor neurons: differential expression of G proteins (Giα2 and Goα) and segregated projections to the accessory olfactory bulb , 1996, Brain Research.

[23]  J. Ngai,et al.  General Anosmia Caused by a Targeted Disruption of the Mouse Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Cation Channel , 1996, Neuron.

[24]  Richard Axel,et al.  Visualizing an Olfactory Sensory Map , 1996, Cell.

[25]  Cori Bargmann,et al.  odr-10 Encodes a Seven Transmembrane Domain Olfactory Receptor Required for Responses to the Odorant Diacetyl , 1996, Cell.

[26]  T. Kurahashi,et al.  Mechanism of odorant adaptation in the olfactory receptor cell , 1997, Nature.

[27]  C. Dulac,et al.  A Novel Family of Putative Pheromone Receptors in Mammals with a Topographically Organized and Sexually Dimorphic Distribution , 1997, Cell.

[28]  G. Shepherd,et al.  Mechanisms of olfactory discrimination: converging evidence for common principles across phyla. , 1997, Annual review of neuroscience.

[29]  N. Ryba,et al.  A New Multigene Family of Putative Pheromone Receptors , 1997, Neuron.

[30]  L. Buck,et al.  A Multigene Family Encoding a Diverse Array of Putative Pheromone Receptors in Mammals , 1997, Cell.

[31]  R. Axel,et al.  Mice Deficient in Golf Are Anosmic , 1998, Neuron.

[32]  Dietmar Krautwurst,et al.  Identification of Ligands for Olfactory Receptors by Functional Expression of a Receptor Library , 1998, Cell.

[33]  K. Mikoshiba,et al.  Functional expression of a mammalian odorant receptor. , 1998, Science.

[34]  Andrey Rzhetsky,et al.  A Spatial Map of Olfactory Receptor Expression in the Drosophila Antenna , 1999, Cell.

[35]  R. Axel,et al.  A Map of Pheromone Receptor Activation in the Mammalian Brain , 1999, Cell.

[36]  Y. Dudai,et al.  The Smell of Representations , 1999, Neuron.

[37]  John R. Carlson,et al.  A Novel Family of Divergent Seven-Transmembrane Proteins Candidate Odorant Receptors in Drosophila , 1999, Neuron.

[38]  Y. Pilpel,et al.  The variable and conserved interfaces of modeled olfactory receptor proteins , 1999, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[39]  E. Isacoff,et al.  Functional Identification of a Goldfish Odorant Receptor , 1999, Neuron.

[40]  P. Mombaerts.  Seven-transmembrane proteins as odorant and chemosensory receptors. , 1999, Science.

[41]  I. Rodriguez,et al.  Variable Patterns of Axonal Projections of Sensory Neurons in the Mouse Vomeronasal System , 1999, Cell.

[42]  L. C. Katz,et al.  Optical Imaging of Odorant Representations in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb , 1999, Neuron.

[43]  P. Duchamp-Viret,et al.  Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons. , 1999, Science.

[44]  T. Gudermann,et al.  Selective Activation of G Protein Subtypes in the Vomeronasal Organ upon Stimulation with Urine-derived Compounds* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[45]  L. Buck,et al.  The Molecular Architecture of Odor and Pheromone Sensing in Mammals , 2000, Cell.

[46]  F. Zufall,et al.  Ultrasensitive pheromone detection by mammalian vomeronasal neurons , 2000, Nature.

[47]  T. Holy,et al.  Responses of vomeronasal neurons to natural stimuli. , 2000, Science.

[48]  D. Lancet,et al.  The genomic structure of human olfactory receptor genes. , 2000, Genomics.

[49]  I. Rodriguez,et al.  Sequence diversity and genomic organization of vomeronasal receptor genes in the mouse. , 2000, Genome research.

[50]  R. Araneda,et al.  The molecular receptive range of an odorant receptor , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[51]  Scott T. Wong,et al.  Disruption of the Type III Adenylyl Cyclase Gene Leads to Peripheral and Behavioral Anosmia in Transgenic Mice , 2000, Neuron.

[52]  Richard Axel,et al.  An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Fly Brain , 2000, Cell.

[53]  J. Reisert,et al.  Adaptation-induced changes in sensitivity in frog olfactory receptor cells. , 2000, Chemical senses.

[54]  Naoshige Uchida,et al.  Odor maps in the mammalian olfactory bulb: domain organization and odorant structural features , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[55]  C. Dulac,et al.  A Novel Family of Candidate Pheromone Receptors in Mammals , 2000, Neuron.

[56]  I. Rodriguez,et al.  A putative pheromone receptor gene expressed in human olfactory mucosa , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[57]  C. Dessauer,et al.  RGS2 regulates signal transduction in olfactory neurons by attenuating activation of adenylyl cyclase III , 2001, Nature.

[58]  T. Bonhoeffer,et al.  Tuning and Topography in an Odor Map on the Rat Olfactory Bulb , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[59]  N. Ryba,et al.  Co-Expression of Putative Pheromone Receptors in the Sensory Neurons of the Vomeronasal Organ , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[60]  A. Gimelbrant,et al.  Olfactory Receptor Trafficking Involves Conserved Regulatory Steps* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[61]  M. Novotny,et al.  Neuropharmacology: Odorants may arouse instinctive behaviours , 2001, Nature.

[62]  M. Meredith,et al.  Human vomeronasal organ function: a critical review of best and worst cases. , 2001, Chemical senses.

[63]  Lawrence C. Katz,et al.  Spatial coding of enantiomers in the rat olfactory bulb , 2001, Nature Neuroscience.

[64]  K. Palczewski,et al.  Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin: A G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor , 2002, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.